International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) - Summaries & Evaluations
DIRECT BROWN 95
VOL.: 29 (1982) (p. 321)
CAS No.: 16071-86-6
Chem. Abstr. Name: Cuprate (2-), (5-[(4'-((2,6-dihydroxy-3-
((2-hydroxy-5-sulfophenyl)-
azo)phenyl)azo)(1,1'-biphenyl)-4-yl)azo]-2-hydroxy benzoato(4-))-, disodium salt
5. Summary of Data Reported and Evaluation
5.1 Experimental data
Oral administration to rats of one commercial sample of Direct Brown
95 resulted in one hepatocellular carcinoma and several neoplastic
nodules in females sacrificed 13 weeks after start of exposure to the
highest dose at which animals survived. The study in mice was
inadequate for evaluation.
No data were available to assess the mutagenicity or teratogenicity
of Direct Brown 95.
5.2 Human data
Occupational exposure to Direct Brown 95 has and probably still does
occur during its production and its use for the dyeing of textiles,
leather and paper. Benzidine and its metabolic derivatives have been
detected in the urine of workers exposed to direct azo dyes.
No data were available to assess the mutagenicity or teratogenicity of
Direct Brown 95 to man.
No study of exposure to Direct Brown 95 alone was available to the
Working Group. An epidemiological study of silk dyers and painters
who had multiple exposure to benzidine-based and other dyes indicated
that those exposures were strongly associated with the occurrence of
bladder cancer. Case reports and other epidemiological studies
support the existence of such a relationship.
5.3 Evaluation
The number of preneoplastic lesions in rats and the precocity of their
onset indicate a carcinogenic effect similar to that of Direct Black
38. The present data, however, provide only limited evidence that
commercial Direct Brown 95 is carcinogenic to rats.
Although the epidemiological data were inadequate to evaluate the
carcinogenicity to man of Direct Brown 95 alone, they, together with
the presence of benzidine in the urine of exposed workers, provide
sufficient evidence that occupational exposure to benzidine-based dyes
represents a carcinogenic risk to man.
For definition of the italicized terms, see Preamble Evaluation.
Subsequent evaluation: Suppl. 7 (1987)
Synonyms
- Aizen Primula Brown BRLH
- Aizen Primula Brown PLH
- Amanil Fast Brown BRL
- Amanil Supra Brown LBL
- Atlantic Fast Brown BRL
- Atlantic Resin Fast Brown BRL
- Belamine Fast Brown BRLL
- Benzanil Supra Brown BRLL
- Benzanil Supra Brown BRLN
- Brown 4EMBL
- C.I. 30145
- C.I. Direct Brown
- Calcodur Brown BRL
- Chloramine Fast Brown BRL
- Chloramine Fast Cutch Brown PL
- Chlorantine Fast Brown BRLL
- Chrome Leather Brown BRLL
- Chrome Leather Brown BRSL
- Copper, dihydrogen(5-[(4'-((2,6-dihydroxy-3-((2-hydroxy-5-sulphophenyl)azo)phenyl)azo)-4-
biphenylazo]salicylato(2-))-, disodium salt
- Cuprofix Brown GL
- Derma Fast Brown W-GL
- Dermafix Brown PL
- Dialuminous Brown BRS
- Diaphtamine Light Brown BRLL
- Diazine Fast Brown RSL
- Diazol Light Brown BRN
- Dicorel Brown LMR
- Diphenyl Fast Brown BRL
- Direct Brown BRL
- Direct Fast Brown BRL
- Direct Fast Brown LMR
- Direct Light Brown BRS
- Direct Supra Light Brown ML
- Durazol Brown BR
- Durofast Brown BRL
- Eliamina Light Brown BRL
- Enianil Light Brown BRL
- Fastolite Brown BRL
- Fastusol Brown LBRSA
- Fastusol Brown LBRSN
- Fenaluz Brown BRL
- Helion Brown BRSL
- Hispaluz Brown BRL
- KCA Light Fast Brown BR
- Kayarus Supra Brown BRS
- Paranol Fast Brown BRL
- Peeramine Fast Brown BRL
- Pontamine Fast Brown BRL
- Pontamine Fast Brown NP
- Pyrazol Fast Brown BRL
- Pyrazoline Brown BRL
- Saturn Brown LBR
- Sirius Supra Brown BRL
- Sirius Supra Brown BRS
- Solantine Brown BRL
- Solar Brown PL
- Solex Brown R
- Solius Light Brown BRLL
- Solius Light Brown BRS
- Sumilight Supra Brown BRS
- Suprazo Brown BRL
- Suprexcel Brown BRL
- Tertrodirect Fast Brown BR
- Tetramine Fast Brown BRDN Extra
- Tetramine Fast Brown BRP
- Tetramine Fast Brown BRS
- Triantine Brown BRS
- Triantine Fast Brown OG
- Triantine Fast Brown OR
- Triantine Light Brown BRS
- Triantine Light Brown OG
Last updated: 9 April 1998