For definition of Groups, see Preamble Evaluation.
VOL.: 71 (1999) (p. 933)
CAS No.:
Chem. Abstr. Name: 1,3-Dichloro-1-propene
5.1 Exposure data
1,3-Dichloropropene is used in organic synthesis and as a soil fumigant. It can be released into the air and waste water and can occur to some extent in ground water.
5.2 Human carcinogenicity data
No data were available to the Working Group.
5.3 Animal carcinogenicity data
Technical-grade 1,3-dichloropropene (containing 1.0% epichlorohydrin), when given by gavage, produced tumours of the urinary bladder, lung and forestomach in mice and of the liver and forestomach in rats. Inhalation exposure produced an increase in the incidence of bronchioalveolar adenomas in mice. No increase in tumours was seen in rats. After subcutaneous administration to mice, the cis-isomer produced malignant tumours at the site of injection.
5.4 Other relevant data
The principle metabolic pathway of 1,3-dichloropropene is conjugation with glutathione and elimination as mercapturic acids. Enzymatic conjugation with glutathione and nonenzymatic alkylation proceed more rapidly with the cis-isomer than with the trans-isomer. At the concentrations used in rodent carcinogenicity studies by inhalation, significant morphological alterations in the nasal tissues were observed. No teratogenic or embryotoxic effects were observed in rats and rabbits exposed by inhalation to the mixed isomers.
1,3-Dichloropropene induces micronuclei in the bone marrow of female mice, as well as sister chromatid exchanges and DNA damage in cultured mammalian cells. It is mutagenic to bacteria.
5.5 Evaluation
No epidemiological data relevant to the carcinogenicity of 1,3-dichloropropene were available.
There is sufficient evidence in experimental animals for the carcinogenicity of mixed isomers of 1,3-dichloropropene (technical grade).
Overall evaluation
1,3-Dichloropropene (technical-grade) is possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B).
For definition of the italicized terms, see Preamble Evaluation.Previous evaluation: Vol. 41 (1986); Suppl. 7 (1987)
See Also:
Toxicological Abbreviations
Dichloropropene, 1,3- (PIM 025)