INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
SAFETY EVALUATION OF CERTAIN
FOOD ADDITIVES
WHO FOOD ADDITIVES SERIES: 42
Prepared by the Fifty-first meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO
Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
World Health Organization, Geneva, 1999
IPCS - International Programme on Chemical Safety
ANNEX 1
REPORTS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS RESULTING FROM PREVIOUS MEETINGS OF THE
JOINT FAO/WHO EXPERT COMMITTEE ON FOOD ADDITIVES
1. General principles governing the use of food additives (First
report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives).
FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 15, 1957; WHO Technical
Report Series, No. 129, 1957 (out of print).
2. Procedures for the testing of intentional food additives to
establish their safety for use (Second report of the Joint
FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). FAO Nutrition
Meetings Report Series, No. 17, 1958; WHO Technical Report
Series, No. 144, 1958 (out of print).
3. Specifications for identity and purity of food additives
(antimicrobial preservatives and antioxidants) (Third report of
the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). These
specifications were subsequently revised and published as
Specifications for identity and purity of food additives, Vol. I.
Antimicrobial preservatives and antioxidants, Rome, Food and
Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1962 (out of
print).
4. Specifications for identity and purity of food additives (food
colours) (Fourth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). These specifications were subsequently revised
and published as Specifications for identity and purity of food
additives, Vol. II. Food colours, Rome, Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, 1963 (out of print).
5. Evaluation of the carcinogenic hazards of food additives (Fifth
report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives).
FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 29, 1961; WHO Technical
Report Series, No. 220, 1961 (out of print).
6. Evaluation of the toxicity of a number of antimicrobials and
antioxidants (Sixth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee
on Food Additives). FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 31,
1962; WHO Technical Report Series, No. 228, 1962 (out of print).
7. Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and
their toxicological evaluation: emulsifiers, stabilizers,
bleaching and maturing agents (Seventh report of the Joint
FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). FAO Nutrition
Meetings Series, No. 35, 1964; WHO Technical Report Series, No.
281, 1964 (out of print).
8. Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and
their toxicological evaluation: food colours and some
antimicrobials and antioxidants (Eighth report of the Joint
FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). FAO Nutrition
Meetings Series, No. 38, 1965; WHO Technical Report Series, No.
309, 1965 (out of print).
9. Specifications for identity and purity and toxicological
evaluation of some antimicrobials and antioxidants. FAO Nutrition
Meetings Report Series, No. 38A, 1965; WHO/Food Add/24.65 (out of
print).
10. Specifications for identity and purity and toxicological
evaluation of food colours. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series,
No. 38B, 1966; WHO/Food Add/66.25.
11. Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and
their toxicological evaluation: some antimicrobials,
antioxidants, emulsifiers, stabilizers, flour treatment agents,
acids, and bases (Ninth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert
Committee on Food Additives). FAO Nutrition Meetings Series, No.
40, 1966; WHO Technical Report Series, No. 339, 1966 (out of
print).
12. Toxicological evaluation of some antimicrobials, antioxidants,
emulsifiers, stabilizers, flour treatment agents, acids, and
bases. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 40A, B, C;
WHO/Food Add/67.29.
13. Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and
their toxicological evaluation: some emulsifiers and stabilizers
and certain other substances (Tenth report of the Joint FAO/WHO
Expert Committee on Food Additives). FAO Nutrition Meetings
Series, No. 43, 1967; WHO Technical Report Series, No. 373, 1967.
14. Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and
their toxicological evaluation: some flavouring substances and
non nutritive sweetening agents (Eleventh report of the Joint
FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). FAO Nutrition
Meetings Series, No. 44, 1968; WHO Technical Report Series, No.
383, 1968.
15. Toxicological evaluation of some flavouring substances and non
nutritive sweetening agents. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report
Series, No. 44A, 1968; WHO/Food Add/68.33.
16. Specifications and criteria for identity and purity of some
flavouring substances and non-nutritive sweetening agents. FAO
Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 44B, 1969; WHO/Food
Add/69.31.
17. Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and
their toxicological evaluation: some antibiotics (Twelfth report
of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). FAO
Nutrition Meetings Series, No. 45, 1969; WHO Technical Report
Series, No. 430, 1969.
18. Specifications for the identity and purity of some antibiotics.
FAO Nutrition Meetings Series, No. 45A, 1969; WHO/Food Add/69.34.
19. Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives and
their toxicological evaluation: some food colours, emulsifiers,
stabilizers, anticaking agents, and certain other substances
(Thirteenth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food
Additives). FAO Nutrition Meetings Series, No. 46, 1970; WHO
Technical Report Series, No. 445, 1970.
20. Toxicological evaluation of some food colours, emulsifiers,
stabilizers, anticaking agents, and certain other substances. FAO
Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 46A, 1970; WHO/Food
Add/70.36.
21. Specifications for the identity and purity of some food colours,
emulsifiers, stabilizers, anticaking agents, and certain other
food additives. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 46B,
1970; WHO/Food Add/70.37.
22. Evaluation of food additives: specifications for the identity and
purity of food additives and their toxicological evaluation: some
extraction solvents and certain other substances; and a review of
the technological efficacy of some antimicrobial agents.
(Fourteenth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food
Additives). FAO Nutrition Meetings Series, No. 48, 1971; WHO
Technical Report Series, No. 462, 1971.
23. Toxicological evaluation of some extraction solvents and certain
other substances. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 48A,
1971; WHO/Food Add/70.39.
24. Specifications for the identity and purity of some extraction
solvents and certain other substances. FAO Nutrition Meetings
Report Series, No. 48B, 1971; WHO/Food Add/70.40.
25. A review of the technological efficacy of some antimicrobial
agents. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 48C, 1971;
WHO/Food Add/70.41.
26. Evaluation of food additives: some enzymes, modified starches,
and certain other substances: Toxicological evaluations and
specifications and a review of the technological efficacy of some
antioxidants (Fifteenth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert
Committee on Food Additives). FAO Nutrition Meetings Series, No.
50, 1972; WHO Technical Report Series, No. 488, 1972.
27. Toxicological evaluation of some enzymes, modified starches, and
certain other substances. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series,
No. 50A, 1972; WHO Food Additives Series, No. 1, 1972.
28. Specifications for the identity and purity of some enzymes and
certain other substances. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series,
No. 50B, 1972; WHO Food Additives Series, No. 2, 1972.
29. A review of the technological efficacy of some antioxidants and
synergists. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 50C, 1972;
WHO Food Additives Series, No. 3, 1972.
30. Evaluation of certain food additives and the contaminants
mercury, lead, and cadmium (Sixteenth report of the Joint FAO/WHO
Expert Committee on Food Additives). FAO Nutrition Meetings
Series, No. 51, 1972; WHO Technical Report Series, No. 505, 1972,
and corrigendum.
31. Evaluation of mercury, lead, cadmium and the food additives
amaranth, diethylpyrocarbamate, and octyl gallate. FAO Nutrition
Meetings Report Series, No. 51A, 1972; WHO Food Additives Series,
No. 4, 1972.
32. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives with a review
of general principles and of specifications (Seventeenth report
of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). FAO
Nutrition Meetings Series, No. 53, 1974; WHO Technical Report
Series, No. 539, 1974, and corrigendum (out of print).
33. Toxicological evaluation of some food additives including
anticaking agents, antimicrobials, antioxidants, emulsifiers, and
thickening agents. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 53A,
1974; WHO Food Additives Series, No. 5, 1974.
34. Specifications for identity and purity of thickening agents,
anticaking agents, antimicrobials, antioxidants and emulsifiers.
FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, No. 4, 1978.
35. Evaluation of certain food additives (Eighteenth report of the
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). FAO Nutrition
Meetings Series, No. 54, 1974; WHO Technical Report Series, No.
557, 1974, and corrigendum.
36. Toxicological evaluation of some food colours, enzymes, flavour
enhancers, thickening agents, and certain other food additives.
FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 54A, 1975; WHO Food
Additives Series, No. 6, 1975.
37. Specifications for the identity and purity of some food colours,
enhancers, thickening agents, and certain food additives. FAO
Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 54B, 1975; WHO Food
Additives Series, No. 7, 1975.
38. Evaluation of certain food additives: some food colours,
thickening agents, smoke condensates, and certain other
substances. (Nineteenth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert
Committee on Food Additives). FAO Nutrition Meetings Series, No.
55, 1975; WHO Technical Report Series, No. 576, 1975.
39. Toxicological evaluation of some food colours, thickening agents,
and certain other substances. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report
Series, No. 55A, 1975; WHO Food Additives Series, No. 8, 1975.
40. Specifications for the identity and purity of certain food
additives. FAO Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 55B, 1976;
WHO Food Additives Series, No. 9, 1976.
41. Evaluation of certain food additives (Twentieth report of the
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). FAO Food and
Nutrition Meetings Series, No. 1, 1976; WHO Technical Report
Series, No. 599, 1976.
42. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives. WHO Food
Additives Series, No. 10, 1976.
43. Specifications for the identity and purity of some food
additives. FAO Food and Nutrition Series, No. 1B, 1977; WHO Food
Additives Series, No. 11, 1977.
44. Evaluation of certain food additives (Twenty-first report of the
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). WHO Technical
Report Series, No. 617, 1978.
45. Summary of toxicological data of certain food additives. WHO Food
Additives Series, No. 12, 1977.
46. Specifications for identity and purity of some food additives,
including antioxidant, food colours, thickeners, and others. FAO
Nutrition Meetings Report Series, No. 57, 1977.
47. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants
(Twenty-second report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 631, 1978.
48. Summary of toxicological data of certain food additives and
contaminants. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 13, 1978.
49. Specifications for the identity and purity of certain food
additives. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, No. 7, 1978.
50. Evaluation of certain food additives (Twenty-third report of the
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). WHO Technical
Report Series, No. 648, 1980, and corrigenda.
51. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives. WHO Food
Additives Series, No. 14, 1980.
52. Specifications for identity and purity of food colours,
flavouring agents, and other food additives. FAO Food and
Nutrition Paper, No. 12, 1979.
53. Evaluation of certain food additives (Twenty-fourth report of the
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). WHO Technical
Report Series, No. 653, 1980.
54. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives. WHO Food
Additives Series, No. 15, 1980.
55. Specifications for identity and purity of food additives
(sweetening agents, emulsifying agents, and other food
additives). FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, No. 17, 1980.
56. Evaluation of certain food additives (Twenty-fifth report of the
Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). WHO Technical
Report Series, No. 669, 1981.
57. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives. WHO Food
Additives Series, No. 16, 1981.
58. Specifications for identity and purity of food additives (carrier
solvents, emulsifiers and stabilizers, enzyme preparations,
flavouring agents, food colours, sweetening agents, and other
food additives). FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, No. 19, 1981.
59. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants
(Twenty-sixth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 683, 1982.
60. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives. WHO Food
Additives Series, No. 17, 1982.
61. Specifications for the identity and purity of certain food
additives. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, No. 25, 1982.
62. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants
(Twenty-seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 696, 1983, and
corrigenda.
63. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and
contaminants. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 18, 1983.
64. Specifications for the identity and purity of certain food
additives. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, No. 28, 1983.
65. Guide to specifications General notices, general methods,
identification tests, test solutions, and other reference
materials. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, No. 5, Rev. 1, 1983.
66. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants
(Twenty-eighth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 710, 1984, and
corrigendum.
67. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and
contaminants. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 19, 1984.
68. Specifications for the identity and purity of food colours. FAO
Food and Nutrition Paper, No. 31/1, 1984.
69. Specifications for the identity and purity of food additives. FAO
Food and Nutrition Paper, No. 31/2, 1984.
70. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants
(Twenty-ninth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 733, 1986, and
corrigendum.
71. Specifications for the identity and purity of certain food
additives. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, No. 34, 1986.
72. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and
contaminants. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 20. Cambridge
University Press, 1987.
73. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants (Thirtieth
report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives).
WHO Technical Report Series, No. 751, 1987.
74. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and
contaminants. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 21. Cambridge
University Press, 1987.
75. Specifications for the identity and purity of certain food
additives. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, No. 37, 1986.
76. Principles for the safety assessment of food additives and
contaminants in food. WHO Environmental Health Criteria, No. 70.
Geneva, World Health Organization, 1987.
77. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants
(Thirty-first report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 759, 1987 and
corrigendum.
78. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives. WHO Food
Additives Series, No. 22. Cambridge University Press, 1988.
79. Specifications for the identity and purity of certain food
additives. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, No. 38, 1988.
80. Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food
(Thirty-second report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 763, 1988.
81. Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in
food. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 23. Cambridge University
Press, 1988.
82. Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 41, 1988.
83. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants
(Thirty-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 776, 1989.
84. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and
contaminants. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 24. Cambridge
University Press, 1989.
85. Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food
(Thirty-fourth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 788, 1989.
86. Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in
food. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 25, 1990.
87. Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 41/2, 1990.
88. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants
(Thirty-fifth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 789, 1990, and
corrigenda.
89. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and
contaminants. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 26, 1990.
90. Specifications for identity and purity of certain food additives.
FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, No. 49, 1990.
91. Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food
(Thirty-sixth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 799, 1990.
92. Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in
food. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 27, 1991.
93. Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 41/3, 1991.
94. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants
(Thirty-seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 806, 1991, and
corrigenda.
95. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and
contaminants. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 28, 1991.
96. Compendium of Food Additive Specifications. Joint FAO/WHO Expert
Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Combined specifications from
1st through the 37th Meetings, 1956-1990. FAO, 1992 (2 volumes).
97. Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food
(Thirty-eighth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 815, 1991.
98. Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary residues in food.
WHO Food Additives Series, No. 29, 1991.
99. Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 41/4, 1991.
100. Guide to specifications--General notices, general analytical
techniques, identification tests, test solutions, and other
reference materials. FAO Food and Nutrition Paper, No. 5, Ref. 2,
1991.
101. Evaluation of certain food additives and naturally occurring
toxicants (Thirty-ninth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert
Committee on Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series No.
828, 1992.
102. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and naturally
occurring toxicants. WHO Food Additive Series, No. 30, 1993.
103. Compendium of food additive specifications: Addendum 1. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 52, 1992.
104. Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food (Fortieth
report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives).
WHO Technical Report Series, No. 832, 1993.
105. Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in
food. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 31, 1993.
106. Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 41/5, 1993.
107. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants
(Forty-first report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food
Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 837, 1993.
108. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and
contaminants. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 32, 1993.
109. Compendium of food additive specifications: Addendum 2. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 52, Add. 2, 1993.
110. Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food
(Forty-second report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 851, 1995.
111. Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in
food. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 33, 1994.
112. Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 41/6, 1994.
113. Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food
(Forty-third report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food
Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 855, 1995, and
corrigendum.
114. Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in
food. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 34, 1995.
115. Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 41/7, 1995.
116. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants
(Forty-fourth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 859, 1995.
117. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives and
contaminants. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 35, 1996.
118. Compendium of food additive specifications: Addendum 3. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 52, Add. 3, 1995.
119. Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food
(Forty-fifth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food
Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 864, 1996.
120. Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in
food. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 36, 1996.
121. Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 41/8, 1996.
122. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants
(Forty-sixth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food
Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 868, 1997.
123. Toxicological evaluation of certain food additives. WHO Food
Additives Series, No. 37, 1996.
124. Compendium of food additive specifications, addendum 4. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 52, Add. 4, 1996.
125. Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food
(Forty-seventh report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 876, 1998.
126. Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in
food. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 38, 1996.
127. Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 41/9, 1997.
128. Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food
(Forty-eighth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on
Food Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, No. 879, 1998.
129. Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in
food. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 39, 1997.
130. Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 41/10, 1988.
131. Evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants
(Forty-ninth report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food
Additives). WHO Technical Report Series, in press.
132. Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. WHO
Food Additives Series, No. 40, 1998.
133. Compendium of food additive specifications: Addendum 5. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 52, Add. 5, 1997.
134. Evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food (Fiftieth
report of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives).
WHO Technical Report Series, in press.
135. Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in
food. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 41, 1998.
136. Residues of some veterinary drugs in animals and foods. FAO Food
and Nutrition Paper, No. 41/11, in preparation.