INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY

    WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION





    SAFETY EVALUATION OF CERTAIN FOOD
    ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS



    WHO FOOD ADDITIVES SERIES: 44





    Prepared by the Fifty-third meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO
    Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)





    World Health Organization, Geneva, 2000
    IPCS - International Programme on Chemical Safety

    ANNEX 2

    ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE MONOGRAPHS


    A              volume anticipated on the basis of recent estimates

    ADI            acceptable daily intake

    AUC            area under the curve of concentration-time

    Aus-NZ         Australia-New Zealand

    bw             body weight

    CCFAC          Codex Committee on Food Additives and Contaminants

    Cmax           maximal concentration

    CYP450         cytochrome P450 enzyme complex

    DMSO           dimethyl sulfoxide

    ED50           median effective dose

    EDTA           ethylenetriamine tetraacetic acid

    ER             estrogen receptor

    EU             European Union

    F              female

    F0             parental generation

    F1             first filial generation

    F2             second filial geneartion

    F3             third filial generation

    FAO            Food and Agricultural Organization of the United
                   Nations

    FBS            food balance sheet

    FMO            flavin-containing monooxygenases

    FSD            fractional standard deviation

    FSH            follicle-stimulating hormone

    GCI            general cognitive index

    GEMS/Food      WHO Global Environment Monitoring System-Food
                   Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme

    GGT            gamma-glutamyl transferase

    GLP            good laboratory practice

    GSD            geometric standard deviation

    GSFA           General Standard for Food Additives

    HES            household economic survey

    HPLC           high-performance liquid chromatography

    IARC           International Agency for Research on Cancer

    IC50           median inhibitory concentration

    Ig             immunoglobulin

    IPCS           International Programme on Chemical Safety

    IL             interleukin

    IQ             intelligence quotient

    JECFA          Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives

    LC50           median lethal concentration

    LD5-35         dose that is lethal to 5-35% of animals

    LD50           median lethal dose

    LH             luteinizing hormone

    LOEL           lowest-observed-effect level

    M              male

    MDI            mental development index

    MRCA           Market Research Corporation of America

    MSCA           McCarthy scales of children's abilities

    NA             not available

    NADP           nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

    NADPH          reduced form of NADP

    NAG             N-acetyl glucosaminidase

    ND             not determined

    N/D            no intake data reported

    NFCS           National Food Consumption Survey

    NHEL           no-hormonal-effect level

    NIDDM          non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

    NOEL           no-observed-effect level

    NR             not reported

    N/R            not required for the evaluation

    OECD           Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

    PDI            psychomotor development index

    PMTDI          provisional maximum tolerable daily intake

    PTWI           provisional tolerable weekly intake

    QA             quality assurance

    S9             hepatic microsome fraction

    SD             standard deviation

    USDA           US Department of Agriculture

    WHO            World Health Organization

    WISC           Wechsler intelligence scale for children

    

    See Also:
       Toxicological Abbreviations