WHO FOOD ADDITIVES SERIES: 48
ACCEPTABLE DAILY INTAKES, OTHER TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION, AND INFORMATION ON SPECIFICATIONS
Food additives evaluated toxicologically
|
Food additive |
Specificationsa |
Acceptable daily intake (ADI) in mg/kg bw and other toxicological recommendations |
|
Emulsifiers |
||
|
Diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol |
R |
0-50 (temporary)b |
|
Tartaric, acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol, mixed |
Wc |
ADI withdrawnc |
|
Quillaia extracts |
R, Tb |
0-5 (temporary)b |
|
Enzyme preparation |
||
|
Invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae |
N |
Acceptabled |
|
Food colours |
||
|
beta-Carotene from Blakeslea trispora |
N,Tb |
0-5 (group ADI )e |
|
Curcumin |
R |
0-1 (temporary)b |
|
Food salts |
||
|
Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate |
N |
Included in the maximum tolerable daily intake of 70 mg/kg bw for phosphates, diphosphates, and polyphosphates |
|
Monomagnesium phosphate |
N,Tb |
|
|
Sodium calcium polyphosphate |
N |
|
|
Trisodium diphosphate |
N,Tb |
|
|
Glazing agent |
||
|
Hydrogenated poly-1-decene |
R |
0-6 |
|
Preservative |
||
|
Natamycin (pimaricin) |
N,Tb |
0-0.3 |
|
Sweetening agent |
||
|
D-Tagatose |
S |
0-80 |
|
Thickening agents |
||
|
Carrageenan |
R |
ADI 'not specified'f (group ADI)g |
|
Processed Eucheuma seaweed |
R |
|
|
Curdlan |
R |
ADI ‘not specified’f |
|
Miscellaneous substances |
||
|
Acetylated oxidized starch |
N, Rh |
ADI ‘not specified’f |
|
alpha-Cyclodextrin |
N |
ADI "not specified"f |
|
Sodium sulfate |
S |
ADI "not specified"f |
|
a |
N, new specifications prepared; R, existing specifications revised; S, specifications exist, revision not considered or required; T, the existing, new, or revised specifications are tentative and new information is needed; W, existing specifications withdrawn. |
|
b |
See Annex 3. |
|
c |
The ADI was withdrawn because the specifications for tartaric, acetic and fatty acid esters of glycerol, mixed, were combined with those of diacetyltartaric and fatty acid esters of glycerol under the latter name at the fifty-first meeting (WHO Technical Report Series, No. 891, 2000). |
|
d |
Invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae that meets the specifications developed at the present meeting was considered to be acceptable because S. cerevisiae is commonly used in the preparation of food. Its use should be limited by Good Manufacturing Practice. |
|
e |
Group ADI for beta-carotene from Blakeslea trispora and synthetic beta-carotene |
|
f |
ADI "not specified" is used to refer to a food substance of very low toxicity which, on the basis of the available data (chemical, biochemical, toxicological and other) and the total dietary intake of the substance arising from its use at the levels necessary to achieve the desired effects and from its acceptable background levels in food, does not, in the opinion of the Committee, represent a hazard to health. For that reason, and for the reasons stated in the individual evaluations, the establishment of an ADI expressed in numerical form is not deemed necessary. An additive meeting this criterion must be used within the bounds of good manufacturing practice, i.e. it should be technologically efficacious and should be used at the lowest level necessary to achieve this effect, it should not conceal food of inferior quality or adulterated food, and it should not create a nutritional imbalance. |
|
g |
Group ADI for carrageenan and processed Euchema seaweed |
|
h |
The new specifications for acetylated oxidized starch were integrated into the revised specifications for modified starches. |
Food additives considered for specifications only
|
Food additive |
Specificationa |
|
Acesulfame K (potassium salt) |
R |
|
Blackcurrant extract |
R |
|
Oxystearin |
W |
|
(+/–)-Malic acid |
R |
|
Pectins |
R |
|
Smoked flavourings |
R |
|
Tagetes extract |
R |
|
a |
R, existing specifications revised; W, existing specifications withdrawn |
Substances evaluated by the Procedure for the Safety Evaluation of Flavouring Agents
|
Flavouring agent |
No. |
Specificationsa |
Conclusions based on current intake |
|
Pyrazine derivatives |
|||
|
2-Methylpyrazine |
761 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Ethylpyrazine |
762 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Propylpyrazine |
763 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Isopropylpyrazine |
764 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2,3-Dimethylpyrazine |
765 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2,5-Dimethylpyrazine |
766 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2,6-Dimethylpyrazine |
767 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Ethyl-3-methylpyrazine |
768 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Ethyl-6-methylpyrazine |
769 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Ethyl-5-methylpyrazine |
770 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2,3-Diethylpyrazine |
771 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Methyl-5-isopropylpyrazine |
772 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Isobutyl-3-methylpyrazine |
773 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine |
774 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Ethyl-3,(5 or 6)-dimethylpyrazine |
775 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
3-Ethyl-2,6-dimethylpyrazine |
776 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2,3-Diethyl-5-methylpyrazine |
777 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2,5-Diethyl-3-methylpyrazine |
778 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
3,5-Diethyl-2-methylpyrazine |
779 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine |
780 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
5-Methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopentapyrazine |
781 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
6,7-Dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-5H-cyclopentapyrazine |
782 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine |
792 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Acetylpyrazine |
784 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Acetyl-3-methylpyrazine |
950 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Acetyl-3-ethylpyrazine |
785 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Acetyl-3,(5 or 6)-dimethylpyrazine |
786 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Methoxypyrazine |
787 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
(2,5 or 6)-Methoxy-3-methylpyrazine |
788 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Ethyl(or methyl)-(3,5 or 6)-methoxypyrazine |
789 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Methoxy-(3,5 or 6)-isopropylpyrazine |
790 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Methoxy-3-(1-methylpropyl)-pyrazine |
791 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
(Cyclohexylmethyl)pyrazine |
783 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Methyl-3,5 or 6-ethoxypyrazine |
793 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-(Mercaptomethyl)pyrazine |
794 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Pyrazinylethanethiol |
795 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Pyrazinylmethyl methyl sulfide |
796 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
(3,5 or 6)-(Methylthio)-2-methylpyrazine |
797 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
5-Methylquinoxaline |
798 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Pyrazine |
951 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinoxaline |
952 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Aromatic substituted secondary alcohols, ketones and related esters |
|||
|
alpha-Methylbenzyl alcohol |
799 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
alpha-Methylbenzyl formate |
800 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
alpha-Methylbenzyl acetate |
801 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
alpha-Methylbenzyl propionate |
802 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
alpha-Methylbenzyl butyrate |
803 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
alpha-Methylbenzyl isobutyrate |
804 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
para, alpha-Dimethylbenzyl alcohol |
805 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Acetophenone |
806 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
4-Methylacetophenone |
807 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
para-Isopropylacetophenone |
808 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2,4-Dimethylacetophenone |
809 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Acetanisole |
810 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
alpha-Methylphenethyl butyrate |
814 |
N, T |
No safety concern |
|
1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone |
813 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
4-Phenyl-2-butanol |
815 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
4-Phenyl-2-butyl acetate |
816 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
4-(para-Tolyl)-2-butanone |
817 |
N, T |
No safety concern |
|
4-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-2-butanone |
818 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-ol |
819 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
4-Phenyl-3-buten-2-one |
820 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
3-Methyl-4-phenyl-3-buten-2-one |
821 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
1-Phenyl-1-propanol |
822 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
alpha-Ethylbenzyl butyrate |
823 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Propiophenone |
824 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
alpha-Propylphenethyl alcohol |
825 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-1-penten-3-one |
826 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Ethyl benzoylacetate |
834 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Ethyl 2-acetyl-3-phenylpropionate |
835 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
4-Acetal-6-t-butyl-1,1-dimethylindan |
812 |
N |
Additional data required |
|
alpha-Isobutylphenethyl alcohol |
827 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
4-Methyl-1-phenyl-2-pentanone |
828 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
1-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-1-penten-3-one |
829 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
3-Benzyl-4-heptanone |
830 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
1-Phenyl-1,2-propanedione |
833 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Methyl beta-naphthyl ketone |
811 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzophenone |
831 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
1,3-Diphenyl-2-propanone |
832 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzoin |
836 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzyl derivatives |
|||
|
Benzyl alcohol |
025 |
R |
No safety concern |
|
Benzyl formate |
841 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzyl acetate |
023 |
R |
No safety concern |
|
Benzyl propionate |
842 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzyl butyrate |
843 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzyl isobutyrate |
844 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzyl isovalerate |
845 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzyl trans-2-methyl-2-butenoate |
846 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzyl 2,3-dimethylcrotonate |
847 |
N, T |
No safety concern |
|
Benzyl acetoacetate |
848 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzyl benzoate |
024 |
R |
No safety concern |
|
Benzyl phenylacetate |
849 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzaldehyde |
022 |
R |
No safety concern |
|
Benzaldehyde dimethyl acetal |
837 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzaldehyde glyceryl acetal |
838 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzaldehyde propylene glycol acetal |
839 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzoic acid |
850 |
N |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
Methyl benzoate |
851 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Ethyl benzoate |
852 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Propyl benzoate |
853 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Hexyl benzoate |
854 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Isopropyl benzoate |
855 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
sobutyl benzoate |
856 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
IIsoamyl benzoate |
857 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
cis-3-Hexenyl benzoate |
858 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Linalyl benzoate |
859 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Geranyl benzoate |
860 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Glyceryl tribenzoate |
861 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
Propylene glycol dibenzoate |
862 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
Methylbenzyl acetate (mixed ortho, meta, para) |
863 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
para-Isopropylbenzyl alcohol |
864 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
4-Ethylbenzaldehyde |
865 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Tolualdehydes (mixed ortho, meta, para) |
866 |
N, T |
No safety concern |
|
Tolualdehyde glyceryl acetal |
867 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Cuminaldehyde |
868 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2,4-Dimethylbenzaldehyde |
869 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzyl 2-methoxyethyl acetal |
840 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Hydroxy- and alkoxy-substituted benzyl derivatives |
|||
|
4-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol |
955 |
–c |
No safety concern |
|
4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde |
956 |
–c |
No safety concern |
|
4-Hydroxybenzoic acid |
957 |
–c |
No safety concern |
|
2-Hydroxybenzoic acid |
958 |
–c |
No safety concern |
|
Butyl-para-hydroxybenzoate |
870 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
Anisyl alcohol |
871 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Anisyl formate |
872 |
N, T |
No safety concern |
|
Anisyl acetate |
873 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Anisyl propionate |
874 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Anisyl butyrate |
875 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Anisyl phenylacetate |
876 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Veratraldehyde |
877 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
para-Methoxybenzaldehyde |
878 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
para-Ethoxybenzaldehyde |
879 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Methyl ortho-methoxybenzoate |
880 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Methoxybenzoic acid |
881 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
3-Methoxybenzoic acid |
882 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
4-Methoxybenzoic acid |
883 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Methyl anisate |
884 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Ethyl para-anisate |
885 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Vanillyl alcohol |
886 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Vanillin |
889 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid |
959 |
–c |
No safety concern |
|
Vanillin acetate |
890 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Vanillin isobutyrate |
891 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Salicylaldehyde |
897 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2-Hydroxy-4-methylbenzaldehyde |
898 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Methyl salicylate |
899 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Ethyl salicylate |
900 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Butyl salicylate |
901 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Isobutyl salicylate |
902 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Isoamyl salicylate |
903 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Benzyl salicylate |
904 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Phenethyl salicylate |
905 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
ortho-Tolyl salicylate |
907 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid |
908 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Vanillyl ethyl ether |
887 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Vanillyl butyl ether |
888 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Ethyl vanillin |
893 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Vanillin erythro- & threo-butan-2,3-diol acetal |
960 |
–c |
No safety concern |
|
Ethyl vanillin isobutyrate |
953 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Ethyl vanillin propylene glycol acetal |
954 |
N, T |
No safety concern |
|
Piperonyl acetate |
894 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Piperonyl isobutyrate |
895 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Piperonal |
896 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Ethyl vanillin-d-glucopyranoside |
892 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Aliphatic acyclic diols, triols, and related agents |
|||
|
Glycerol |
909 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
1,2,3-tris[(1’-Ethoxy)ethoxy]propane |
913 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
3-Oxohexadecanoic acid glyceride |
917 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
Glycerol monostearate |
918 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
Glyceryl monooleate |
919 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
Triacetin |
920 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
Glyceryl tripropionate |
921 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
Tributyrin |
922 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
Glycerol 5-hydroxydecanoate |
923 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
Glycerol 5-hydroxydodecanoate |
924 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
Propylene glycol |
925 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
Propylene glycol stearate |
926 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
1,2-Di[(1-ethoxy)ethoxy]propane |
927 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Lactic acid |
930 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Ethyl lactate |
931 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Butyl lactate |
932 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Potassium 2-(1’-ethoxy)ethoxypropanoate |
933 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
cis-3-Hexenyl lactate |
934 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Butyl butyryllactate |
935 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Pyruvic acid |
936 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Pyruvaldehyde |
937 |
N, T |
No safety concern |
|
Ethyl pyruvate |
938 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Isoamyl pyruvate |
939 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
3-Oxohexanoic acid glyceride |
910 |
N, T |
No safety concern |
|
3-Oxooctanoic acid glyceride |
911 |
N, T |
No safety concern |
|
Heptanal glyceryl acetal (mixed 1,2 and 1,3 acetals) |
912 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
3-Oxodecanoic acid glyceride |
914 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
3-Oxododecanoic acid glyceride |
915 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
3-Oxotetradecanoic acid glyceride |
916 |
N, T |
Evaluation not finalizedb |
|
4-Methyl-2-pentyl-1,3-dioxolane |
928 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-oxacyclopentane |
929 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Aliphatic acyclic acetals |
|||
|
1,1-Dimethoxyethane |
940 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Acetal |
941 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Heptanal dimethyl acetal |
947 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
4-Heptenal diethyl acetal |
949 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Octanal dimethyl acetal |
942 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
2,6-Nonadienal diethyl acetal |
946 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Decanal dimethyl acetal |
945 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Citral dimethyl acetal |
944 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Citral diethyl acetal |
948 |
N |
No safety concern |
|
Acetaldehyde ethyl cis-3-hexenyl acetal |
943 |
N, T |
No safety concern |
|
a |
N, new specifications prepared; R, existing specifications revised; T, the existing, new, or revised specifications are tentative and new information is needed |
|
b |
Further information is required to determine whether this substance is currently used as a flavouring agent. |
|
c |
Specifications will be considered at the fifty-ninth meeting of the Committee. |
Flavouring agents considered for specifications only
|
No. |
Flavouring agent |
Specificationsa |
|
10 |
Allyl tiglate |
R |
|
12 |
Allyl cyclohexane acetate |
R |
|
14 |
Allyl cyclohexane butyrate |
R |
|
15 |
Allyl cyclohexane valerate |
R |
|
16 |
Allyl cyclohexane hexanoate |
R |
|
22 |
Benzaldehyde |
R |
|
23 |
Benzyl acetate |
R |
|
24 |
Benzyl benzoate |
R |
|
25 |
Benzyl alcohol |
R |
|
42 |
Isoamyl formate |
R |
|
51 |
Isoamyl 2-methyl butyrate |
R |
|
58 |
Geranyl acetate |
R |
|
64 |
Rhodinyl propionate |
R |
|
70 |
Geranyl hexanoate |
R |
|
72 |
Geranyl isobutyrate |
R |
|
74 |
Rhodinly isobutyrate |
R |
|
77 |
Rhodinyl isovalerate |
R |
|
78 |
3,7-Dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-yl-2-ethyl butanoate |
R |
|
95 |
Heptanal |
R |
|
101 |
Nonanal |
R |
|
107 |
Undecanal |
R |
|
111 |
Lauric acid |
R,T |
|
113 |
Myristic acid |
R,T |
|
115 |
Palmitic acid |
R,T |
|
116 |
Stearic acid |
R,T |
|
117 |
Propyl formate |
R |
|
119 |
n-Amyl formate |
R |
|
124 |
Isobutyl formate |
R |
|
170 |
n-Amyl heptanoate |
R |
|
172 |
Isobutyl heptanoate |
R |
|
178 |
Nonyl octantoate |
R |
|
180 |
Methyl laurate |
R |
|
182 |
Isoamyl laurate |
R,T |
|
184 |
Butyl stearate |
R |
|
191 |
trans-3-Heptenyl-2-methyl propanoate |
R |
|
205 |
Methyl 2-methylbutyrate |
R |
|
212 |
2-Methylbutyl 2-methylbutyrate |
R |
|
240 |
omega-6-Hexadecene lactone |
R |
|
249 |
cis-4-Hydroxy-6-dodecenoic acid lactone |
R |
|
260 |
2-Methylpentanal |
R |
|
265 |
2-Methylhexanoic acid |
R |
|
266 |
5-Methylhexanoic acid |
R |
|
270 |
2-Methyloctanal |
R |
|
273 |
2,6-Dimethyloctanal |
R |
|
275 |
2-Methylundecanal |
R |
|
304 |
Isopropyl formate |
R |
|
306 |
Isopropyl propionate |
R |
|
308 |
Isopropyl hexanoate |
R |
|
322 |
cis-5-Octen-1-ol |
R |
|
323 |
cis-5-Octenal |
R |
|
325 |
cis-6-Nonenal |
R |
|
326 |
4-Decenal |
R |
|
328 |
9-Decenoic acid |
R |
|
330 |
10-Undecenal |
R |
|
334 |
Methyl 3-hexenoate |
R |
|
344 |
Butyl 10-undecenoate |
R |
|
347 |
2-Methyl-3-pentenoic acid |
R |
|
348 |
2,6-Dimethyl-6-hepten-1-ol |
R |
|
350 |
Ethyl 2-methyl-3-pentenoate |
R |
|
352 |
Hexyl 2-methyl-3&4-pentenoate (mixture) |
R |
|
367 |
Terpinyl formate |
R |
|
370 |
Terpinyl butyrate |
R |
|
372 |
Terpinyl isovalerate |
R |
|
374 |
para-Menth-8-en-1-ol |
R |
|
388 |
alpha-Ionone |
R |
|
390 |
gamma-Ionone |
R,T |
|
401 |
Allyl-alpha-ionone |
R |
|
404 |
alpha-iso-Methylionone |
R |
|
416 |
5-Hydroxy-4-octanone |
R |
|
424 |
2-Hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one |
R |
|
428 |
d-neo-Menthol |
R |
|
434 |
para-Menth-1-en-3-ol |
R |
|
440 |
2-Ethyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-2-norbornanol |
R |
|
442 |
Methyl 1-acetoxycyclohexyl ketone |
R |
|
448 |
1-Ethylhexyl tiglate |
R |
|
457 |
(1-Buten-1-yl) methyl sulfide |
R |
|
461 |
3-(Methylthio)propanol |
R |
|
478 |
3-(Methylthio)propyl acetate |
R |
|
490 |
Allyl thiopropionate |
R,T |
|
510 |
2-Propanethiol |
R |
|
531 |
2-Naphthalenethiol |
R |
|
543 |
Trithioacetone |
R |
|
562 |
2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-dithiane |
R |
|
580 |
2-Methyl-2-(methyldithio)propanal |
R |
|
581 |
Ethyl 2-(methyldithio)propionate |
R |
|
591 |
Methyl 2-oxo-3-methyl-pentanoate |
R |
|
599 |
Geranyl acetoacetate |
R |
|
604 |
3-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-heptanone |
R, T |
|
609 |
1,4-Nonanediol diacetate |
R,T |
|
627 |
Aconitic acid |
R,T |
|
642 |
3-Phenylpropyl hexanoate |
R,T |
|
645 |
3-Phenylpropionaldehyde |
R |
|
648 |
Cinnamaldehyde ethylene glycol acetal |
R |
|
652 |
Cinnamyl butyrate |
R |
|
656 |
Cinnamaldehyde |
R |
|
660 |
Propyl cinnamate |
R |
|
663 |
Butyl cinnamate |
R |
|
666 |
Heptyl cinnamate |
R |
|
671 |
Phenethyl cinnamate |
R |
|
672 |
3-Phenylpropyl cinnamate |
R |
|
673 |
Cinnamyl cinnamate |
R |
|
676 |
alpha-Amylcinnamyl formate |
R |
|
677 |
alpha-Amylcinnamyl acetate |
R |
|
678 |
alpha-Amylcinnamyl isovalerate |
R,T |
|
681 |
alpha-Amylcinnamaldehyde dimethyl acetal |
R |
|
698 |
ortho-Tolyl acetate |
R |
|
711 |
para-Vinylphenol |
R |
|
719 |
Guaiacyl phenylacetate |
R |
|
720 |
Hydroquinone monoethyl ether |
R |
|
723 |
4-Ethyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol |
R |
|
724 |
4-Propyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol |
R |
|
726 |
4-Allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol |
R |
|
729 |
Dihydroxyacetophenone |
R,T |
|
732 |
Vanillylidene acetone |
R |
|
740 |
Furfuryl propionate |
R |
|
741 |
Furfuryl pentanoate |
R |
|
742 |
Furfuryl octanoate |
R |
|
743 |
Furfuryl 3-methylbutanoate |
R |
|
748 |
Amyl 2-furoate |
R |
|
749 |
Hexyl 2-furoate |
R |
|
750 |
Octyl 2-furoate |
R |
|
752 |
2-Phenyl-3-carboethoxyfuran |
R,T |
|
759 |
Furfuryl butyrate |
R |
|
760 |
Cinnamyl benzoate |
R |
|
a |
R, existing specifications revised; S, specifications exist, revision not required; T, the existing, new or revised specifications are tentative and new information is required. |
Contaminants
|
Contaminant |
Tolerable intake and other toxicological recommendations |
|
3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol |
Provisional maximum tolerable daily intake (PMTDI): 2 µg/kg bw |
|
1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol |
Establishment of a tolerable intake was considered inappropriate because of the nature of toxicity (tumorigenic in various organs in rats and can interact with chromosomes and/or DNA). The Committee noted that the dose that caused tumours in rats (19 mg/kg bw per day) was about 20 000 times the highest estimated intake of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol by consumers of soya sauce (1 µg/kg bw per day). |
|
Polychlorinated dibenzodioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls |
Provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI): 70 pg/kg bw |
See Also: Toxicological Abbreviations