DODINE        JMPR 1977

    Explanation

    Dodine was reviewed by the 1974 Joint Meeting (FAO/WHO 1975) and
    metabolic studies of dodine in animals and plants were required.

    In addition, the following information was considered desirable.

         1.   Teratogenicity studies in appropriate animal species.

         2.   Fate of residues in apple and grape pomace when fed to dairy
              cows.

         3.   Supervised trials on various crops in countries other than
              the USA.

         4.   Further details on residues arising in supervised trials on
              peaches and grapes, and during wine processing.

    During the 9th (1977) Session of the Codex Committee on Pesticide
    Residues, the temporary tolerances were changed to maximum residue
    limits on the basis of recommendations of the 1976 Joint Meeting. At
    the request of the delegations of Canada and the USA, and after
    interventions by the representatives of FAO and WHO on the supporting
    data, the Codex Committee decided to change the proposed limits for
    apples and pears to 5 mg/kg.

    RESIDUES IN FOOD AND THEIR EVALUATION

    FATE OF RESIDUES

    In apples

    Results of an experiment on the fate of dodine in apples were
    submitted by American Cyanamid Co. 14C dodine decline formulated
    into 65% wettable powder was sprayed on apple fruits. Analysis showed
    that dodine is slowly absorbed from the surface, but external residues
    are a significant proportion of the remaining residues at harvest.
    Dodine residues are stable. The residues 4 weeks after application
    amount to 62% -80% of the initial deposit. From 35% to 80% of the
    initial deposit still remained at harvest. Only dodine residues were
    observed.

    APPRAISAL

    This compound was re-evaluated in the light of some of the further
    information requested by tho 1974 Joint Meeting and the decision of
    the 9th Session of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues to change
    the maximum residue limits in apples and pears.

    Residues in apples were stable, found mainly in the peel and consisted
    only of the parent compound.

    Re-examination of the existing data together with the limited new
    information supports the need for a maximum residue limit of 5 mg/kg
    in apples and pears based on a 7-day preharvest interval.

    RECOMMENDATIONS

    The maximum residue limit previously recommended for apples and pears
    (2 mg/kg) is amended as follows.

                   Commodity           Limit  mg/kg

                   Apples, pears       5

    FURTHER WORK OR INFORMATION

    Desirable

    1. A feeding study with large animals to determine whether feeding
    apple pomace and grape pomace contribute residues to meat and milk.

    2. Studies of the metabolism of dodine in species other than the rat,
    preferably guinea pigs and/or dogs.

    3. Teratological studies in appropriate animal species.

    4. Appropriate mutagenicity studies.

    REFERENCES

    FAO/WHO (1975) 1974 evaluations of some pesticide residues in food.
    FAO Agricultural Studies No. 971 WHO Technical Report Series No. 544.
    

    See Also:
       Toxicological Abbreviations
       Dodine (WHO Pesticide Residues Series 4)
       Dodine (Pesticide residues in food: 1976 evaluations)
       Dodine (JMPR Evaluations 2000 Part II Toxicological)