2-PHENYLPHENOL AND SODIUM SALT JMPR 1975
Explanation
During the 1974 Meeting of the Codex Committee on Pesticide
Residues several delegations were of the opinion that the proposed
tolerance of 15 mg/kg on apples was too low (Alinorm 74/29 para. 141).
Governments were invited to present data to the Joint Meeting as
a basis for new recommendations.
Extensive information became available from the USA and the
Netherlands on supervised trials on residues occurring on or in apples
following use of 2-phenylphenol according to good storage practice.
From the new data, together with the data available at earlier
Joint Meetings it became evident that on some main varieties of apples
residue levels after the use of 2-phenylphenol may exceed the earlier
proposed residue level of 15 mg/kg (Table 1).
It was shown that total residues of 2-phenylphenol on or in
apples do not decrease significantly during storage, even for periods
up to five months. However, the percentage of the residue remaining on
the outside of the skin decreased gradually during that period.
The percentage of 2-phenylphenol in the skin (as percentage of
total amount in or on the apple) decreased from, 76.4% after one month
of storage to 66.5% after five months (ref. KvW, 1973, No. 163).
Information was obtained on the use of 2-phenylphenol in carrots
in the USA. Such information was requested by the 1974 and 1975
Meeting of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues (Alinorm 76/24,
page 151). 2-phenylphenate (sodium salt) and 2-phenylphenate
tetrahydrate solutions are used in the USA on carrots to prevent
fungal diseases during storage: dosage rates are 0.05-0.1% sodium
2-phenylphenate tetrahydrate solution, used as a dip, flood or spray,
or 0.5% 2-phenylphenol sodium salt in an approved wax. When applied in
the above mentioned dosage neither discoloration nor off-flavour
occurs (Hoadley, 1963).
Based on the new data on residues in apples which were available
at the 1975 Joint Meeting and the re-evaluation of the data available
at the 1969 Joint Meeting (FAO/WHO 1970), an increase of the earlier
recommendation to 25 mg/kg is appropriate.
TABLE 1. Residues of 1-phenylphenol in stored apples
2-phenylphenol
Residues in mg/kg, after storage period in days/months; average and ranges
Application
storage Month
Method of period days
Crop Country Year rate application formulation1 unknown 2-5 1 2 3 4 5 REF
Apple
Golden Netherlands 1972 2 g/l dip pps 14 14.7 13.7 11.9 12.0 KvW
Delicious (12.0- (11.8- (11.0- (10.6- (9.6- 1632
16.9) 18.9) 16.2) 19.3) 13.3)
Golden U.S.A. 1966 2% a.i. foaming ppth 13.2- p
Delicious during 16.8
brushing 3
1966 2% " 4 ppth 26.5 p
1966 0.5% dip 3 ppth 3.2 p
1966 0.5% " 4 ppth 6.2 p
Red 1966 2% a.i. foaming ppth 5.9 p
Delicious during (4.5-
brushing 3 6.9)
1966 2% a.i. " 4 ppth 24.2 p
1966 0.5% a.i. dip 3 ppth 5.5 p
(3.1-
10.2)
1966 0.5% a.i. " 4 ppth 13.0 p
TABLE 1. (Cont'd.)
2-phenylphenol
Residues in mg/kg, after storage period in days/months; average and ranges
Application
storage Month
Method of period days
Crop Country Year rate application formulation1 unknown 2-5 1 2 3 4 5 REF
Jonathan 1966 2% a.i. foaming ppth 2.1 p
during
brushing 3
1966 2% a.i. " 4 ppth 18.8 p
1966 0.5% dip 3 ppth 7.2- p
10.1
1966 0.5% " 4 ppth 3.2 p
Apple
Golden U.S.A. 1971 ppth 3.1 p
Delicious ppth 0.88 p
(0.79-
1.05)
ppth 0.40 p
(0.38-
0.42)
ppth 1.41 p
U.S.A. 1970 ppth 23.82 p
ppth 19.00 p
(18.84-
19.15)
TABLE 1. (Cont'd.)
2-phenylphenol
Residues in mg/kg, after storage period in days/months; average and ranges
Application
storage Month
Method of period days
Crop Country Year rate application formulation1 unknown 2-5 1 2 3 4 5 REF
ppth 0.70 p
ppth 0.36 p
ppth 4.12 p
(4.06-
4.17)
Red Rome U.S.A. 1970 ppth 0.55 p
(0.40-
0.70)
1970 ppth 0.02 p
Starking U.S.A. 1970 ppth 0.44 p
(0.28-
0.60)
ppth 0.64 p
ppth 0.02 p
Notes 1 pps = sodium 2-phenylphenate; ppth = sodium 2-phenylphenate tetrahydrate
2 10 samples on each sampling date; average residue and range.
3 rinsed 2-4 seconds with water after treatment.
4 no rinsing after treatment.
RECOMMENDATION
The earlier established maximum residue limit for
o-phenylphenol should be amended as follows:
Maximum residue limit mg/kg
Apples 25
REFERENCES
Hoadley, A. D. (1963) Control of carrot storage disease organisms with
sodium orthophenylphenate. Plant Disease Reporter 47 (10) 900-903
KvW No. 163 ten Broeke, R. and Dornseiffen, J. W. (1973) Residues of
diphenylamine and o-phenylphenol in apples (in dutch). Unpublished
report No. 163 Food Inspection Service, Amsterdam.
P = (Pennwalt) (1975) Unpublished data provided by Pennwalt
Corporation to 1975 JMPR. October 1975.
See Also:
Toxicological Abbreviations
Phenylphenol, 2- (FAO/PL:1969/M/17/1)
Phenylphenol, 2- (Pesticide residues in food: 1990 evaluations Toxicology)