CHLOROBENZILATE    JMPR 1977

    Explanation

    This compound has already been evaluated by the Joint Meeting in 1965,
    1968, 1972 and 1975 (FAO/WHO, 1965, 1969, 1973, 1976). For the 1977
    Joint Meeting, the principal manufacturer submitted data on the
    possible carry-over of residues in grapes to wine and the
    disappearance of chlorobenzilate in soil in response to the requests
    of the 1972 Meeting.

    RESIDUES IN FOOD AND THEIR EVALUATION

    FATE OF RESIDUES

    Disappearance in soil

    Chlorobenzilate was applied to silty loam bare soil at 5 kg a.i./ha
    and its disappearance was followed up to 210 days. Disappearance
    of chlorobenzilate was rapid with a half-life of less than 30 days.
    Vertical movement appeared confined to the upper 0-5 cm soil layer.
    No residues were observed after 61 days. The concentration of the
    metabolites 4,4'- dichlorobenzilic acid and 4,4'- dichlorobenzophenone
    reached a maximum after 20 and 61 days, respectively, and rapidly
    decreased thereafter.

    Residues in grapes, yeast, and wine

    White and red grapes were treated to run-off six weeks before harvest
    with chlorobenzilate at the concentration of 0.04 a.i. At harvest,
    residues of about 1.4 mg/kg and 2.8 mg/kg were found in white and red
    grapes, respectively. After normal vinification, no residues were
    detected in the white and red wine at a 0.05 mg/kg limit of
    determination. The results show that even in the presence of residues
    up to about 3 mg/kg in grapes, no carry-over into wine occurs. On
    yeast, 0.13 mg/kg and 0.19 mg/kg residues were found in strains on
    white and red grapes, respectively.

    APPRAISAL

    When chlorobenzilate was applied to a bare, silty loam soil at 5 kg
    a.i./ha, disappearance was rapid with a half-life of less than 30
    days and residues could not be detected after 61 days. Vertical
    movement was confined to the upper 5 cm of soil. The concentration
    of the metabolites 4,4' - dichlorobenzilic acid and
    4,4' - dichlorobenzophenone reached a maximum after 20 and 61 days
    respectively, and rapidly decreased thereafter.

    When white and red grapes were treated until runoff six weeks before
    harvest with a 0.04% a.i. solution, the residues at harvest were about
    1.4 and 2.8 mg/kg in white and red grapes respectively. After normal
    vinification, no residues could be detected in the white and red wines

    (limit of determination 0.05 mg/kg). On yeast, 0.13 adn 0.19 mg/kg
    residues were found from that of white and red grapes respectively.

    The Meeting agreed that the information required by the 1972 Meeting
    in respect of carry-over in wine and fate in soils had been supplied,
    and provided reassurance that the residue limits previously
    recommended were adequate. There was still a need for information on
    the level and fate of residues in tea.


    FURTHER WORK OR INFORMATION

    Desirable

    1. Information on the level and fate of chlorobenzilate residues in
    tea.

    REFERENCES

    FAO/WHO (1965) Evaluation of the toxicity of pesticide residues in
    food. FAO Meeting Report, No. PL:1965/10/1; WHO/Food Add./27.65.

    FAO/WHO (1969) 1968 evaluations of some pesticide residues in food.
    FAO/PL:1968/M/9/1; WHO/Food Add./69.35.

    FAO/WHO (1973) 1972 evaluations of some pesticide residues in food.
    AGP:1972/M/9/1; WHO Pesticide Residues Series, No. 2.

    FAO/WHO (1970) 1975 evaluations of some pesticide residues in food.
    AGP:1975/M/13; WHO Pesticide Residues Series, No. 5.
    

    See Also:
       Toxicological Abbreviations
       Chlorobenzilate (ICSC)
       Chlorobenzilate (FAO Meeting Report PL/1965/10/1)
       Chlorobenzilate (FAO/PL:1968/M/9/1)
       Chlorobenzilate (WHO Pesticide Residues Series 2)
       Chlorobenzilate (WHO Pesticide Residues Series 5)
       Chlorobenzilate (Pesticide residues in food: 1980 evaluations)
       Chlorobenzilate (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 5, 1974)
       Chlorobenzilate (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 30, 1983)