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    PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD - 1984


    Sponsored jointly by FAO and WHO






    EVALUATIONS 1984




    The monographs



    Data and recommendations of the joint meeting
    of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues
    in Food and the Environment and the
    WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues
    Rome, 24 September - 3 October 1984

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Rome 1985

    FENVALERATE

    Explanation

         Fenvalerate was evaluated in 1979 and 1981. 1/ A temporary ADI
    of 0-0.007 mg/kg bw has been estimated and temporary maximum residue
    limits were recommended for a wide range of agricultural commodities
    for treatments applied both pre-harvest and post-harvest.

         Representatives from some countries commented on some of the
    temporary MRLs at the sixteenth Session of the CCPR and the views
    expressed were considered by the meeting in reviewing previous data
    and evaluating new data.

    RESIDUES IN FOOD AND THEIR EVALUATION

    USE PATTERNS

         The following uses have been registered in The Netherlands since
    April 1982 (Table 1).

         In Canada the following use claims have been registered.

         -    In Brussels sprouts, cabbage and cauliflower, against
              aphids, 675-975 g in 450-550 l/ha E.C. Apply when insects
              first appear. Repeat every ten days, or as necessary. Use the
              higher rate for severe infestation. Use core nozzles at a
              pressure of 1400-2800 kPa.

         -    In peanuts against potato leafhopper, 51 g in 225-280
              1/ha. Apply when insects or damage first appears. Apply in
              the first week of July. A second application may be
              necessary in August.

         -    In cattle against face flies and horn flies, 8 percent ear
              tag. Position ear tags between the first and second ribs
              from the bottom of the ear. Use one tag for horn flies, two
              tags for face flies. Tag the entire herd, except breeding
              bulls. Apply in spring.

         The following preharvest intervals (days) have been registered in
    Canada: apple (60), Brussels sprouts (14), cabbage (14), cauliflower
    (14), pear (60), peanut (30), potato (7).

         In New Zealand the registered product is a 10 percent E.C. with
    the use pattern shown on Table 2.

         Other preharvest intervals in New Zealand are 14 days for apples
    and pears and 35 days for alfalfa hay.

              

    1  See Annex 2 for FAO and WHO documentation.


        TABLE 1.  Fenvalerate Use Pattern, The Netherlands

                                                                                                          

    Crop           Pest             Application                         Treatment              Preharvest
                                    Rate               Formulation                             Interval
                                    g/100     g/ha                                             (days)
                                                                                                          

    Apples,        several                                              Before and
    pears          kinds of                                             shortly
                   caterpillar,                                         after blossoming,
                   moths, bugs,                                         half June, July
                   etc.               4.5              300 g/l          & August                  14

                   pear sucker       10.5              300 g/1          same as
                                                                        previous

    Potatoes       larvae of                                            Spray when
                   the Colorado                                         infestation
                   beetle                     45       300 g/l          occurs; repeat             7
                                                                        treatment only
                                                                        if necessary

    Brussels       caterpillars
    sprouts,       diamond-back
    cabbage,       moth, leaf-
    cauliflower    rollers,
    Chinese        swede midge,
    cabbage,       cabbage root
    curled kale    fly
    brocolli,                                 45       300 g/l          same as                    7
    kohlrabi                                                            previous
                                                                                                          
    


        TABLE 2.  Fenvalerate Use Pattern, New Zealand

                                                                                

                                                                 Preharvest
    Crop/Pest                             Application Rate       interval
                                                                 (days)
                                                                                

    Brassica vegetables/caterpillars      35-75 g a.i./ha           3

    Tomatoes (field)/caterpillars         4 g a.i./100 l            3

    Sweet corn/caterpillars               250 g a.i./ha             7

    Maize/caterpillars                    250 g a.i./ha            14

    Alfalfa/aphids                        25 g a.i./ha             21
                                                                                
    

         In the United States the registered product is a 30 percent w/w
    E.C. The relevant registered uses at January 1983 are summarized in
    Table 3.

    Note:     In Table 3,    1 lb = 0.454 kg

                             1 acre = 0.405 ha

                             1 fl oz = 28.35 g

                             1 US gallon = 3.79 l

    RESIDUES RESULTING FROM SUPERVISED TRIALS

    A correction of the data recorded on p.220 of the 1981 evaluations is
    necessary. The entire entry on that page should read as shown below.
    Trials were carried out in The Netherlands in 1977 (Huntingdon
    Research Centre, 1978).


                                                                                                     
                          Application
                                                          Residues (mg/kg) at intervals (days)
    Crop      No. of       Rate/                                after (last) application
              treatments   treatment    Formulation                                              
                           (g a.i./ha)                 7       14      52       106    untreated
                                                                                                 

    Chinese   1            50           300 g/l        0.35    0.22                    0.01
    cabbage                             emulsifiable   (0.24-  (0.19-
                                        concentrate    0.50)   0.24)

    Brussels
    sprouts   1            45           "                              0.03            0.02
                                                                       (0.02-
                                                                       0.04)

              1            45           "                                       0.01   0.01
                                                                                                 
    
    Apples

         New data on supervised trials on apples in The Netherlands in
    1982 are reported in Table 4 (Greve & Hogendoorn, 1983).

    Fruits and Vegetables

         Supervised trials in New Zealand (1984) on several crops are
    summarized in Table 5.


        TABLE 3.  Registered Uses of Fenvalerate, United States

                                                                                                                            

                                                                  Dosage                      No. of              PHI
                                                           Lb a.i./       Fl oz/              acres               (days
    Crop                     Pest                          acre           acre                treated
                                                                                              with 1 US
                                                                                              gallon
                                                                                                                            

    Cotton                   Pink bollworm                 0.05-0.1       2-2/3 -             48-24               21
                                                                          5-1/3
                             Cotton leaf perforator        0.10           5-1/3               24
                             Cotton bollworm
                             Tobacco budworm
                             Lygus bugs
                             Cabbage looper                0.10-0.20      5-1/3 -             24-12
                             Beet armyworm                                10-2/3
                             Boll Weevil
                             Whitefly

    Peanuts                  Corn earworm                  0.05-0.1       2-2/3 -             48-24               21
                             Red-necked peanut worm                       5-1/3
                             Potato leafhopper
                             Velvetbean caterpillar
                             Fall armyworm                 0.1-0.2        5-1/3 -             24-12
                             Granulate cutworm                            10-2/3
                             Lesser cornstalk borer        0.2            10-2/3              12

    Soybean                  Mexican bean beetle           0.05-0.1       2-2/3 -             48-24               21
                             Green cloverworm                             5-1/3
                             Velvetbean caterpillar
                             Potato leafhopper
                             Cabbage looper
                             Corn earworm                  0.1-0.2        5-1/3 -             24-12
                             Southern green stinkbug                      10-1/3
                             Bean leaf beetle

                                                                                                                            

    TABLE 3.  (continued)

                                                                                                                            
                                                                  Dosage                      No. of              PHI
                                                           Lb a.i./       Fl oz/              acres               (days
    Crop                     Pest                          acre           acre                treated
                                                                                              with 1 US
                                                                                              gallon
                                                                                                                            
    Broccoli                 Diamondback Moth              0.05-0.1       2-2/3 -             48-24               3
    Cabbage                                                               5-1/3
    Cauliflower              Imported cabbageworm          0.1-0.2        5-1/3 -             24-12
                             Cabbage looper                               10-2/3
                             Beet armyworm
                             Alfalfa looper
                             Flea beetle
                             Grasshopper
                             Cutworm

    Cucumber                 Pickleworm                    0.1-0.2        5-1/3 -             24-12               3
    Melons                   Rindworms                                    10-2/3
    (cantaloupe,             Leafhoppers
    honeydew                 Corn earworm
    melons,                  Cabbage looper
    watermelon,              Squash bug
    musk-melon)              Black cutworm
    Pumpkin                  (seedling spray)
    Squash                   Cucumber beetle
    (summer,                 (adult control)
    winter)

    Beans,                   Mexican bean beetle           0.05-0.1       2-2/3 -             48-24               21
    dry                                                                   5-1/3

    Peas,                    Corn earworm                  0.1-0.2        5-1/3 -             24-12
    dry                      Pea Aphid                                    10-2/3
                             Cowpea curculio
                             Pea leaf weevil
                             Cabbage looper
                             Western bean cutworm
                                                                                                                            

    TABLE 3.  (continued)

                                                                                                                            
                                                                  Dosage                      No. of              PHI
                                                           Lb a.i./       Fl oz/              acres               (days
    Crop                     Pest                          acre           acre                treated
                                                                                              with 1 US
                                                                                              gallon
                                                                                                                            

    Peppers                                                0.1-0.2                                                7
    (1 ppm)

    Potato                   Potato psyllid                0.05-0.1       2-2/3 -             48-24               7
                             Potato tuberworm                             5-1/3

                             Fleabeetles                   0.1-0.2        5-1/3 -             24-12
                             Tarnished plant bug                          10-2/3
                             Potato aphid
                             Potato leafhopper
                             Cucumber beetle
                             (adult control)

                             Colorado potato beetle
                             -West of Mississippi River    0.05-0.1       2-2/3 -             48-24
                                                                          5-1/3
                             -East of Mississippi River    0.1-0.2        5-1/3 -             24-12
                                                                          10-2/3
                             -Long Island, NY              0.2            10-2/3              12

    Maize                    Corn earworm                  0.1-0.2        5-1/3 -             24-12               1
    (sweet                   European corn borer                          10-2/3
    corn)                    Cutworms
                             Southwestern corn borer
                             Corn rootworm
                             (adult control)
                             Grasshoppers

                                                                                                                            

    TABLE 3.  (continued)

                                                                                                                            
                                                                  Dosage                      No. of              PHI
                                                           Lb a.i./       Fl oz/              acres               (days
    Crop                     Pest                          acre           acre                treated
                                                                                              with 1 US
                                                                                              gallon
                                                                                                                            

                             Western bean cutworm          0.05-0.1       2-2/3 -             48-24
                                                                          5-1/3

    Tomato                   Tomato hornworm               0.05-0.1       2-2/3 -             48-12               1
                                                                          5-1/3
                             Tomato pinworm                0.1-0.2        5-1/3 -             24-12
                             Tomato fruitworm                             10-2/3
                             Colorado potato beetle
                             Cabbage looper
                             Southern armyworm
                             Sugarbeet armyworm
                             Western yellow striped
                             armyworm

                             Vegetable leafminer           0.2            10-2/3              12
                                                                                                                            

    TABLE 3. (continued)
                                                                                                                            
                                                                             Dosage
                                                                Concentrate         Dilute         No. of
                                                                   spray            spray          acres
    Crop                     Pest                          Lb a.i./    Fl oz/       Fl oz/         treated        PHI
                                                           acre        acre         100 gal.       with 1 US
                                                                                                   gallon
                                                                                                                            
    Apples                   Codling moth                  0.1-0.3     5-1/3 -      2-2/3          24-8           21
                             Variegated leafroller                     16
                             White apple leafhopper
                             Tentiform leafminer
                             San Jose scale
                             Apple aphid
                             Tufted apple budmoth
                             Plum curculio
                             Oriental fruit moth
                             Apple maggot
                             Red-banded leafroller
                             Lesser appleworm

    Peach                    Peach twig borer              0.15-0.3    8-16         4              16-8           14
                             Oriental fruit moth
                             Peach tree borer
                             Plum curculio
                             Lesser peach tree borer

    Pear*                    Pear psylla                   0.2-0.4     10-2/3 -     5-1/3          12-6
                                                                                    21-1/3

    Filberts                 Filbert worm                  0.2         10-2/3 -     5-1/3          12-6           21
                                                                                    21-1/3

    Pecans                   Pecan weevil                  0.1-0.3     5-1/3 -      2-2/3          24-8           21
                             Hickory shuckworm                         16
                             Pecan nut casebearer
                             Pecan aphids
                                                                                                                            

    * (including those interplanted with apple)

    TABLE 4.  Fenvalerate Residues in Apples from Supervised Trials, Netherlands

                                                                                                        
                             Application
                                                                   Residues (mg/kg) at intervals (days)
    Crop          No. of       Rate/                                    after (last) application
                  treatments   treatment     Formulation                                                
                               (g a.i./ha)                      6            7               untreated
                                                                                                        

    Apple         2            157.5         "                  0.25                         0.01
    (Golden                                                     (0.20-
    Delicious                                                   0.33)

    Apple         2            157.5         "                               0.42
    (Cox's                                                                   (0.37-0.51)     0.01
    Orange
    Pippin)
                                                                                                        

    TABLE 5.  Fenvalerate Residues in Crops, New Zealand

                                                                                                                                            
                               Application
                                                                                           Residues (mg/kg)
    Crop/year           No. of         Rate                                              Days after treatment
                        treatments                              0         1         3         4         5         7         14        21
                                                                                                                                            

    Apples                11           80 g a.i./l              -         1.0       -         -         0.4       0.6       0.6       0.4
    (Sturmer)                          10 l/tree/treatment
    1976/77

    Broccoli               5           0.15 kg a.i./            6.5       -         3.8       -         1.9       1.5       1.4       -
    (edible part)                      ha/tr                                                                               (1.0)
    1978                               0.3 kg a.i./            11.3       -         3.0                 4.9       3.8       1.6       -
                                       ha/tr                                                                               (1.0)

    Cabbages               5           0.15 kg a.i./            1.3       1.3       -         0.5       -         0.6       0.9       -
    1977                               ha/tr

    Cabbages               6           0.15 kg a.i./            1.2       0.5       -         0.6       -         0.5       0.9       -
    1977                               ha/tr

    Kiwi fruit             6           0.6 to 1.2 kg/
    1976/1977                          a.i./ha/tr
                                       high volume

    whole                                                       4.1       4.6       -         -          3.8      -         3.6       2.2
                                                                                                        (6)
    edible                                                      0.3       0.3       -         -          0.2      -         0.2       0.2
                                                                                                        (6)
    skin                                                        3.8       7.3       -         -          3.6      -         3.4       2.0
                                                                                                        (6)
                           6           0.3 to 0.6 kg/
                                       a.i./ha/tr
                                       high volume

    whole                                                       3.4       3.4       -         -          3.2      -         2.5       2.1
                                                                                                        (6)
                                                                                                                                            

    TABLE 5.  (continued)

                                                                                                                                            
                               Application
                                                                                           Residues (mg/kg)
    Crop/year           No. of         Rate                                              Days after treatment
                        treatments                              0         1         3         4         5         7         14        21
                                                                                                                                            

    edible                                                      0.1       0.1       -         -          0.3      -         0.1       0.1

    skin                                                        3.3       3.4       -         -          2.9      -         2.4       2.0

    Lucerne                1           0.025 kg a.i./                                                             0.2       0.01      0.04
    1978                   1           ha/tr                                                                                          0.05

    Sweetcorn              1           0.05 kg a.i./ha          -         -         0.3       -          -        0.2       0.05      0.05
    (foliage)
    1980

    (grain)                                                     -         -         -         -          -                 nd         -

    Tomatoes               5           0.026 to 0.056           -         -         0.07      -          0.07     0.07      0.07      0.07
    1979/80                            kg a.i./ha/tr

                           5           0.016 to 0.035           -         0.06      0.06      -         <0.06    <0.06     <0.06     <0.006
                                       kg/a.i./ha/tr
                                                                                                                                            
    
    Sheep

         In a supervised trial on sheep in New Zealand, the animals were
    put to graze on grass paddocks 14 days after one treatment at
    25 g a.i./100 l and one treatment at 12.5 a.i. 100 l using 200 l/ha.
    The sheep were slaughtered from seven days and various tissues
    analysed (see Table 6).

    Cabbage

         The 1981 evaluations summarized data from trials in six states in
    the United States. These data are given in more detail in Table 7. The
    maximum dose recommended in GAP in the United States is 0.2 bls/acre
    (0.22 kg/hectare) and the minimum interval between last application
    and harvest is three days (see Table 7). Under these conditions
    residues do not exceed 4.3 mg/kg.

    RESIDUES IN FOOD IN COMMERCE OR AT CONSUMPTION

    Pears

         In Sweden (1983), samples of imported fruits and vegetables were
    collected at ports of import. Domestic samples were collected mainly
    at wholesalers. Fenvalerate residues are shown in Table 8.

    NATIONAL MAXIMUM RESIDUE LIMITS

         The following MRLs were reported to the meeting:

    New Zealand                   mg/kg

         Brassica vegetables       5
         Kiwi fruit                3
         Apples and pears          1
         Tomatoes                  0.2

    United States
         Cabbage                  10 (3 days)
         Cucumbers                 0.5
         Peppers                   1 (7 days)

    APPRAISAL

         The meeting examined previously reported good agricultural
    practices and residues data together with some new information and the
    comments of representatives of some countries at the sixteenth Session
    of CCPR.

        TABLE 6.  Fenvalerate Residues in Sheep Tissues from Supervised Trials

                                                                                                

    Application     Interval                           Residues (mg/kg)
    rate            after                                                                       
    (g a.i./        treatment      Liver      Quadriceps    Mesentaric fat    Subcutaneous fat
    100 l)          (days)                    muscle
                                                                                                

    25 g              21           0.002        nd              0.015             0.09
                      28           nd           nd              nd                0.01

    12.5 g            21           nd           nd              0.06              0.06
                      24           nd           nd              0.05              0.04
                      28           nd           nd              0.03              0.04
                      35           nd           nd              0.05              0.05
                                                                                                


    TABLE 7.  Fenvalerate Residues in Cabbage, United States

                                                                                              

                       Application                 Residues (mg/kg) at intervals (days)
    State              (kg a.i./l)                          after application
                                                                                               
                   No.   Rate     Method        0        1        3             7       10
                                                                                              

    Florida        8     0.22     Ground        -        -        0.4, 0.3      -       -
                   8     0.45     Ground        -        -        0.6, 0.4      -       -

    South          8     0.22     Ground        -        -        2.8, 4.3      -       -
    Carolina       8     0.45     Ground        -        -        8.9, 10.6     -       -

    Wisconsin      8     0.22     Ground        0.84     0.7      1.2           2.4     0.9
                                                5.6      0.9      0.9           0.7     0.4
                   8     0.45     Ground        5.8      0.9      0.9           2.8     0.5
                                                11.8     1.1      1.4           4.3     0.8

    California     8     0.22     Ground        -        -        0.2           -       -
                   8     0.45     Ground        -        -        0.3           -       -

    Arizona        8     0.22     Helicopter    0.5      0.6      0.4           0.1     0.1
                                                0.3      0.6      0.3           0.2     0.1

    New York       8     0.22     Ground        -        -        0.8, 0.9      -       -
                   8     0.45     Ground        -        -        1.0, 1.1      -       -
                                                                                              
    
    TABLE 8.  Fenvalerate Resiudes in Pears, Sweden

                                                                    

    Origin         No. of        No. of samples in range (mg/kg)
                   samples     0.21       0.21-0.53      0.54-1.05
                                                                    

    Sweden          45          45            -              -

    Imported       165         163            1              1
                                                                    


         The 1981 meeting had estimated a maximum residue level of 2 mg/kg
    for bell peppers based on the then proposed GAP in the USA of a 
    three-day interval between last application and harvest. New
    information indicates that GAP in the USA is now established with a
    seven-day interval and the existing data relevant to the practice
    enabled the meeting to estimate a revised level of 0.5 mg/kg for bell
    peppers. The commodity description was revised to "sweet peppers".

         The cumulative residues data on cucumbers from the 1979 and 1981
    evaluation (Table 9), accepting a GAP of a maximum rate of 0.22 kg/ha
    and a three-day interval, are limited but indicate that the proposed
    MRL of 0.2 mg/kg should not be exceeded in such practice. The meeting
    confirmed this proposal. The estimate of 2 mg/kg for celery was also
    confirmed and a GAP of 0.22 kg/ha and a seven-day interval between
    application and harvest were recognized.

         New data on cabbage, based on a GAP requiring a higher rate of
    application, indicate that the proposed limit of 2 mg/kg for brassica
    leafy vegetables can be exceeded and the meeting estimated a maximum
    residue of 5 mg/kg for cabbage. However, the estimate of 2 mg/kg for
    broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale and cauliflower was confirmed. The
    data on apples, pears and peaches in the 1979 and 1981 monographs were
    re-examined but the meeting was not able to revise its estimates on
    these crops. It noted from the report of the sixteenth Session of CCPR
    that further data were expected and proposed to review these at a
    future meeting.

         The data in the 1979 evaluations on which beans (dry) 0.5 mg/kg
    was proposed were reviewed together with the additional data in 1981.
    The meeting agreed that the data were better represented by a maximum
    residue level of 0.1 mg/kg. The commodity description was changed to
    "beans (without pod)".

         The data on peas (without pod) in the 1981 evaluations were
    considered at that time to support an estimate of 0.1 mg/kg as a
    maximum residue level but no proposal was made. The present meeting
    confirmed this estimate.


        TABLE 9.  Fenvalerate Residues on Cucumbers and Celery (from 1977 and 1981 evaluations)

                                                                                                                                 
                                                 Application
                                                                                    Residues (mg/kg) at intervals
    Crop                Country/Year   No.    Rate       EC Formulation                (days) after application
                                              (kg a.i/                                                                           
                                              ha)        %                0         1         3         7         10        14
                                                                                                                                 

    Cucumber            United 1977    2      0.11       30               0.09      0.02      0.01     <0.01               <0.01
                        States                0.22                        0.26      0.12      0.08     <0.01               <0.01

                        1978           4      0.11                       <0.01     <0.01     <0.01
                                              0.22                        0.03      0.02     <0.01

                                       2      0.45                        0.03      0.01      0.02

                        1979           5      0.22       30                                                       0.04

                        1980           5      0.22       30                         0.06
                                       5      0.22                                  0.14
                                              0.45                                  0.59
                                       5      0.22                                  0.26
                                              0.45                                  0.69

                                       5      0.11       30               0.09                          0.04                0.03
                                       5      0.22       30               0.48                          0.08                0.03
                                       5      0.45       30               0.54                          0.07                0.08

    Celery              United         15     0.22       10               1.5                           0.46
                        States         15     0.45       10               3.6                           1.9
                                       15     0.055      10               0.11                          0.20
                                       15     0.11       10               0.37                          0.52
                                       15     0.22       10               1.0                           1.2
                                       15     0.45       10               2.0                           2.6
                                                                                                                                 

    TABLE 9.  (continued)

                                                                                                                                 
                                                 Application
                                                                                    Residues (mg/kg) at intervals
    Crop                Country/Year   No.    Rate       EC Formulation                (days) after application
                                              (kg a.i/                                                                           
                                              ha)        %                0         1         3         7         10        14
                                                                                                                                 

                        1979           15     0.22                                  1.7
                                              0.45                                  3.5
                                       15     0.22                                  2.8
                                              0.45                                  5.1
                                       15     0.22                                  0.41

                        1980           15     0.22       30                         3.5

    Canada              1978           11     0.07                                                      0.04
                        1979           7      0.07                                            0.24      0.14
                                                                                                                                 
    
         The meeting also proposed that an estimate of 0.1 mg/kg for
    legume oilseeds should replace separate estimates for peanuts and
    soybeans, both at the same level of 0.1 mg/kg.

         The data in the 1979 monograph included information for liver and
    kidney but no proposal was made at that time. The present meeting
    proposed a maximum residue level of 0.02 mg/kg for meat by-products.

         The proposal of 0.2 mg/kg in "animal fats" (1979 report) or "fat
    of meat" (1979 evaluations) should be defined as referring to "carcase
    meat (in the carcase fat)". A review of the limited data in the 1979
    monograph on poultry and eggs confirmed that more data are needed
    before an estimate of maximum residues in these commodities can be
    made.

         The meeting reconsidered the data used by the 1979 meeting in
    estimating the transfer of fenvalerate residues occurring in animal
    feed to human food of animal origin. The transfer study, using
    10.9 ppm in the diet of lactating cows, showed that up to 0.08 mg/kg
    could be expected in the milk and up to 0.8 in the carcase fat. The
    only item of animal feed on which there is a Codex limit is alfalfa,
    at 20 mg/kg, although waste and products from other commodities could
    be fed to animals. The meeting assumed that alfalfa would not
    regularly be fed to animals in amounts much greater than 50 percent of
    their diet and that residues of fenvalerate would not constantly be at
    20 ppm. The meeting, therefore, estimated that the maximum levels
    likely to be found in practice would be 1 mg/kg in the carcase meat
    (in carcase fat) and 0.1 mg/kg in milk. The meeting emphasized that
    this was not a "worst case" calculation and recognized that, in
    exceptional circumstances, residues in meat and milk might exceed
    these estimates. It noted that further consideration of the principles
    involved in interpreting animal transfer studies in conjunction with
    realistic estimates of the intake of pesticide residues by animals was
    urgently needed and agreed to study the problem further at the next
    meeting. A review of the residues following the use of fenvalerate as
    a grain protectant and data on the fate of residues during processing
    resulted in the meeting revising the estimates for fenvalerate in
    wheat bran and white flour.

    RECOMMENDATIONS

         The following estimates of maximum residue levels are recommended
    as suitable for use as MRLs.

                                                                       
    Commodity                   MRL (mg/kg)
                                                                       

    Sweet peppers                0.5     (replacing bell peppers - 2)

    Cabbage (headed)             5       (replacing brassica leafy
                                         vegetables - 2)

    Brassica leafy vegetables
    (except headed cabbage)      2

    Beans (without pod)          0.1     (replacing beans dry - 0.5)

    Peas (without pod)           0.1

    Legume oilseeds              0.1     (replacing peanuts - 0.1,
                                         soybeans - 0.1)

    Carcase meat                 1       (replacing fat of meat - 0.2)
    (in carcase fat)

    Meat by-products             0.02

    Wheat bran                  10.00    (replacing bran - 5)

    Wheat flour (white)          0.5     (replacing flour (white) - 0.2)
                                                                       


    REFERENCES

    Greve, P.A. & Hogendoorn, E.A. Residues of some synthetic pyrethroids
    1983      in apples (in Dutch). Rapport nr 638201001, Rijksinstituut
              voor de Volksgezondheid, Utrecht/Bilthoven.

    Huntingdon Research Centre. The analysis of Sumicidin in various
    1978      crops. Report submitted by Huntingdon Research Centre,
              Department of Analysis, to FAO.

    New Zealand. Data from trials carried out in New Zealand, provided by
    1984      the Government of New Zealand to FAO.


    See Also:
       Toxicological Abbreviations
       Fenvalerate (EHC 95, 1990)
       Fenvalerate (HSG 34, 1989)
       Fenvalerate (Pesticide residues in food: 1979 evaluations)
       Fenvalerate (Pesticide residues in food: 1981 evaluations)
       Fenvalerate (Pesticide residues in food: 1984 evaluations)
       Fenvalerate (UKPID)
       Fenvalerate (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 53, 1991)