LINDANE JMPR 1975
Explanation
At the 1975 Meeting of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues
several delegations expressed the view that a group tolerance of
3 mg/kg for lindane in vegetables was not acceptable. It was mentioned
that residue data to support this view were forthcoming and would be
available to the Joint Meeting in the near future. All governments
were urgently requested to send residue data to the Joint Meeting.
Governments were also requested to submit residue data on
post-harvest use on dry beans as the residue data available at the
Joint Meeting on which the proposed maximum limit was based were
rather limited.
Furthermore, the Joint Meeting was requested to make a
recommendation for a limit for cocoa beans for which data were
provided by Ghana.
Extensive data especially on residues from supervised trials on
vegetables became available from one European source. Apart from this,
only limited data were obtained from a few countries.
No new data were obtained from supervised trials, nor any other
information on storage treatments of dry beans. The proposed limit was
therefore retained.
Lindane was used in Ghana at dosage rates of about 280-300 g/ha
during the growing period. No data on post-harvest treatments were
made available.
In one sampling location residues of 1.22-1.91 mg/kg were found
in 6 samples. In the 75 other samples residues were below 1 mg/kg,
ranging from 0.04 to 0.59 mg/kg.
RESIDUES RESULTING FROM SUPERVISED TRIALS
The residues in a large number of trials carried out in the
Federal Republic of Germany were generally low. The data from these
trials, and from trials on glasshouse lettuce in the Netherlands, are
summarized in Table 1. The highest residues were found in some
vegetables after pre-planting or pre-sowing soil treatments. Residue
values in kohlrabi and radish were about 0.5 mg/kg after normal
pre-harvest intervals. Residues in apples and pears were about 0.1
mg/kg three days after the last application. In maize, rape and sugar
beet, residues at harvest did not exceed 0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg.
TABLE 1. Residues of lindane resulting from supervised trials
Application Residues in mg/kg,
at intervals (days) after application
Rate.
Crop Country Year No. kg a.i/ha Formulation 0/ 2 4 7 10 14 Ref.
Lettuce Netherlands 1960 3 g/ Smoke 0.8 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.2
glasshouse 100 sq.m. tablet (0.5- (1.5- (0.7- (1.0- (0.4-
0.9) 1.9) 2.0) 1.6) 1.9)
1.0 1.6 1.4 1.0 1.0
(0.9- (1.1- (1.0- (0.8- (0.9-
1.2) 2.5) 1.9) 1.3) 1.3)
0/ 7 14 21 28 35 42
Cauliflower Fed. Rep. 1973 1 0.1 WP 80% 0.22 0.03 0.02 0.01
of Germany
Cabbage Fed. Rep. 1973 1 0.16 WP 80% 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01
white of Germany
Fed. Rep. 1973 1 0.16 Dust 0.05 0.02 0.01 <0.005 0.01
of Germany 0.8%
Brussels Fed. Rep. 1973 1 0.16 WP 0.16 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04
sprouts of Germany
Brussels Fed. Rep. 1973 1 0.16 WP 0.11 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01
sprouts of Germany
Peas Fed. Rep. 1974 1 0.16 Dust 0.015 0.08 0.01 <0.01 <0.01
of Germany 0.8%
TABLE 1. (Cont'd.)
Application Residues in mg/kg,
at intervals (days) after application
Rate.
Crop Country Year No. kg a.i/ha Formulation 0/ 2 4 7 10 14 Ref.
Radish Fed. Rep. 1974 1 0.1 WP 80% 0.04 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
of Gemany
1973 1 0.1 WP 80 0.14 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
1974 1 0.1 WP 80 0.04 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
1974 1 0.1 WP 80 0.05 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
1973 1 0.1 WP 80 0.08 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
0.16 Dust 0.08 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
0.8%
Savoy 1974 2 0.16 Dust 0.11 0.02 0.01 <0.01 <0.01
cabbage 0.8%
30/35 40/45 50/55 60/65 70/75 80/85 90
Brussels Fed. Rep. 1973 1 0.013 g/ WP 0.07 0.06 0.04
sprouts of Germany plant
wrench
Cabbage 1972 1 1.9 Gran. 0.03 0.02 0.01
white 1 0.16 WP 80 0.01 <0.01
Cauliflower 1 0.04 g/ WP 80 0.02
plant
1 0.01 g/ EC <0.01
plant
1 0.02 g/ Gran. <0.01
plant
1 0.01 g/ WP <0.01
plant
1 0.01 g/ WP 0.01 0.01
plant
TABLE 1. (Cont'd.)
Application Residues in mg/kg,
at intervals (days) after application
Rate.
Crop Country Year No. kg a.i/ha Formulation 0/ 2 4 7 10 14 Ref.
Kohlrabi 19 1 0.02 g/ Gran. 0.41
plant 1.5%
1 0.01 g/ EC 0.38
plant
1 0.01 WP 0.41
Samples from a large number of the trials mentioned were also
analysed for possible metabolites and pentachlorobenzene was detected
in carrots in small quantities up to 0.05 mg/kg. In the gas
chromatograms from the trials on carrots, cabbage and kohlrabi,
indications of traces of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene and
1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene were found. Since the concentrations were
<0.01 mg/kg a clear identification was not possible. Other
chlorinated benzenes, including HCB and the trichlorophenols were not
detected in these crops.
In addition to the trials mentioned above the effect of soil
treatments with granules on residue levels in crops grown the
following year in a crop rotation scheme was studied. Potatoes did not
show residues when lindane was applied to treat the preceding crop. In
carrots, however, residues exceeding 0.1 mg/kg were sometimes detected
as a result of treatment in the preceding year.
APPRAISAL
The new data provide a basis for the following maximum residue
limits. These recommendations replace those for maximum residue limits
in vegetables (not specified), cherries, grapes, plums and
strawberries.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Maximum Pre-harvest
residue interval on which
limit recommendations
Commodity mg/kg are based (days)
Lettuce, endive 2 Outdoors 14
Glasshouse 7-21a
Cocoa beans 1
Kohlrabi, radish 1 40-60
Apples, cherries, grapes,
pears, plums,
red currants 0.5 14
Brussels sprouts, cabbage,
including red cabbage,
savoy, cauliflower 0.5 14
Peas 0.1 14
Sugar beet roots 0.1 At sowing
Sugar beet leaves 0.1 At sowing
Potatoes, rape seed 0.05b 14
a Depending on formulation, period of the year, etc.
b At or about the limit of determination.
FURTHER WORK OR INFORMATION
REQUIRED (by 30 June 1978)
See FAO/WHO 1975a, p. 39.
See Also:
Toxicological Abbreviations
Lindane (EHC 124, 1991)
Lindane (HSG 54, 1991)
Lindane (ICSC)
Lindane (PIM 859)
Lindane (FAO Meeting Report PL/1965/10/1)
Lindane (FAO/PL:1967/M/11/1)
Lindane (JMPR Evaluations 2002 Part II Toxicological)
Lindane (FAO/PL:1968/M/9/1)
Lindane (FAO/PL:1969/M/17/1)
Lindane (WHO Pesticide Residues Series 3)
Lindane (WHO Pesticide Residues Series 4)
Lindane (Pesticide residues in food: 1977 evaluations)
Lindane (Pesticide residues in food: 1978 evaluations)
Lindane (Pesticide residues in food: 1979 evaluations)
Lindane (Pesticide residues in food: 1989 evaluations Part II Toxicology)
Lindane (Pesticide residues in food: 1997 evaluations Part II Toxicological & Environmental)