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    PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD - 1982


    Sponsored jointly by FAO and WHO






    EVALUATIONS 1982





    Data and recommendations of the joint meeting
    of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues
    in Food and the Environment and the
    WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues
    Rome, 23 November - 2 December 1982

    Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Rome 1983


    DICHLOFLUANID

    CHEMICAL STRUCTURE 1

    Explanation

         Dichlofluanid was evaluated in 1969, 1974, 1977, 1979 and 1981
    (FAO/ WHO 1970, 1975, 1978, 1980, 1982) 1. Recommendations were made
    in 1979 for retaining the temporary MRLs for blackberries, eggplant,
    peppers, cereal grains and wheat straw based on existing national
    maximum residue limits for those commodities and data were required by
    1982. In response to a request from the 12th (1980) Session of CCPR,
    the temporary MRL on blackberries was reconsidered in 1981, taking
    into account new information which resulted in a recommendation for a
    new temporary MRL of 10 mg/kg.

         No new information was available on residues in eggplant, cereal
    grains or wheat straw resulting from supervised trials; however, new
    data on peppers were received.

    RESIDUES IN FOOD AND THEIR EVALUATION

    RESIDUES RESULTING FROM SUPERVISED TRIALS

         Data were received from Bayer, A.G. (Bayer 1981, 1982) on the
    results of field trials on peppers in Spain (Table 1).

        Table 1.  Residues of Dichlofluanid on Peppers
                                                                                         
                             Rate of
    Crop       Variety       Application    Number of       Interval after     Residue
                             (kg a.i./ha)   Applications    last appl.(days)   (mg/kg)
                                                                                         

    Pepper     Valenciano        1.0            6                 0             0.2
                                                                  1             -
                                                                  3             0.1
                                                                  7             0.1
                                                                 14            <0.1
               Blue Star         1.0            6                 0             0.1
                                                                  1             -
                                                                  3            <0.1
                                                                  7            <0.1
                                                                 14            <0.1
                                                                                         

    1  See Annex 2 for FAO and WHO documentation.
    
    NATIONAL MAXIMUM RESIDUE LIMITS

         A new list of national maximum residue limits was made available
    to the Meeting, which provides more detail and supplements previously
    published lists (Table 2).

    APPRAISAL

         Some new residue data were received from the manufacturer, based
    on the analysis of dichlofluanid only, which indicate that levels on
    peppers would not be likely to exceed 0.2 mg/kg. The previously
    recommended MRL of 2 mg/kg is therefore adequate and does not need
    revision.

         Although no new field trial data were received on residues in
    eggplant, cereal grains or wheat straw, a re-examination of the data
    on which previous recommendations were based shows that the analyses
    for eggplant and cereal grains (wheat, barley) were based on parent
    compound only and the recommended values are supported. In the case of
    wheat straw, the restricted use patterns do not seem to warrant
    further need for residue data or changes in recommendations.

    Table 2.  National Maximum Residue Limits and/or Preharvest
              Intervals for Dichlofluanid
                                                                          

                                                 Safety             MRL
    Country          Crop                        Interval (days)  (mg/kg)
                                                                          

    Austria          Beans                       14                  3.0
                     Cucumbers                   14                  3.0
                     Grapes                      14                 15.0
                     Lettuce                     14                 10.0
                     Onions                      14                  1.0
                     Other fruit                 14                  5.0
                     Small fruit (excl.          14                 15.0
                       strawberries)
                     Strawberries                14                 10.0
                     Tomatoes                    14                  3.0

    Belgium          Blackberries                7                   5.0
                     Cucumbers (under glass)     3                   5.0
                     Currants                    21                  5.0
                     Gherkins (under glass)      3                   5.0
                     Grapes                      42                  5.0
                     Melons (under glass)        3                   5.0
                     Other fruit (excl.                              5.0
                       citrus)
                     Raspberries                 7                   5.0
                     Strawberries                7                   5.0
                     Strawberries (under glass)  14                  5.0
                     Tomatoes (under glass)      3                   5.0
                     Vegetables (excl.                               5.0
                     potatoes)

    Bulgaria         Grapes                      14
                     Strawberries                14

    Cyprus           Grapes                      28
                     Strawberries                10-14
                     Vegetables                  10-14

    Czechoslovakia   Grapes                      21

    Denmark          Artichokes                                      2.0
                     Asparagus                                       2.0
                     Beans                                           2.0
                     Brussels sprouts                                2.0
                     Cabbage                                         2.0
                     Cauliflower                                     2.0
                     Cherries                                       10.0
                                                                          

    Table 2.  (con't)
                                                                          

                                                 Safety             MRL
    Country          Crop                        Interval (days)  (mg/kg)
                                                                          

                     Cucumbers                                       2.0
                     Eggplant                                        2.0
                     Gherkins                                        2.0
                     Grapes                                         10.0
                     Leafy vegetables                               10.0
                     Peas                                            2.0
                     peppers                                         2.0
                     Pome fruit                                      5.0
                     Pumpkins                                        2.0
                     Rhubarb                                         2.0
                     Small fruit                                    10.0
                     Stone fruit                                     5.0
                     Tomatoes                                        2.0
                     Zucchini                                        2.0

    Finland          Fruit, general              14                  1.01
                     Strawberries                14                  4.01

    France           Grapes                      7
                     Tomatoes                    2
                     Vegetables (excl.           7
                     tomatoes)

    German           Brassicas                                      <0.1
    Democratic       Cereals                                        <0.1
    Republic         Citrus fruit                                   <0.1
                     Food crops for infants                         <0.1
                       diet
                     Fruiting vegetables                            <0.1
                     Grapes                      35
                     Leafy vegetables                               <0.1
                     Legume vegetables                              <0.1
                     Milled products                                <0.1
                     Nuts                                           <0.1
                     Onions                                         <0.1
                     Pome fruit                                     <0.1
                     Potatoes                                       <0.1
                     Root vegetables                                <0.1
                     Small fruit                                     2.0
                     Stem vegetables                                <0.1
                     Stone fruit                                    <0.1
                     Strawberries                14                  2.0
                                                                          

    Table 2.  (con't)
                                                                          

                                                 Safety             MRL
    Country          Crop                        Interval (days)  (mg/kg)
                                                                          

                     Crops treated by drift:
                       Food crops                14
                       Fodder crops              7
                     Vegetable fat                                  <0.1
                     Animal fat                                     <0.1
                     Eggs                                           <0.1
                     Fish                                           <0.1
                     Meat                                           <0.1
                     Milk                                           <0.1
                     Drinking water 1                               
    0.02 mg/l

    German           Beans                                           3.0
    Federal          Cucumbers 2                 3                   3.0
    Republic         Grapes                      35                 15.0
                     Hops                        14
                     Lettuce 2                   21                 10.0
                     Onions                                          1.0
                     Peppers                                         3.0
                     Pome fruit                  7                   5.0
                     Small fruit (excl.          14                 15.0
                       strawberries)
                     Strawberries                7                  10.0
                     Tomatoes 2                  3                   
    3.0
                     All other fruit                                 5.0

    Israel           Grapes                      7
                     Strawberries                3

    Italy            Grapes                      20                  1.0
                     Strawberries                20                  1.0

    Japan            Cucumbers                   3                   0.05
                     Eggplant                    3                   0.05
                     Fruit (excl.                                    0.05
                       strawberries)
                     Hops                        30                  0.05
                     Lettuce                     21                  0.05
                     Onions                      7                   0.05
                     Spanish peppers             3                   0.05
                     Strawberries                1                   5.0
                     Tomatoes (field grown)      3                   0.05
                     Tomatoes (under glass)      30                  0.05
                                                                          

    Table 2.  (con't)
                                                                          

                                                 Safety             MRL
    Country          Crop                        Interval (days)  (mg/kg)
                                                                          

    Luxembourg       Fruit                                           5.0
                     Vegetables                                      5.0

    Netherlands      Blackberries                7                   5.0
                     Cucumbers                   3                   5.0
                     Kohlrabi                    14                  5.0
                     Melons                      3                   5.0
                     Pears                                           5.0
                     Peppers                     3                   5.0
                     Raspberries                 7                   5.0
                     Strawberries                7                   5.0
                     Strawberries (under glass)  14                  5.0
                     Other berry fruit           21                  5.0
                     Snake gourds                3                   5.0
                     Tomatoes                    3                   5.0

    New Zealand      Berry fruit                 3                  10.0
                     Fruit (excl.berry- and      14                  5.0
                       small fruit)
                     Onions                      14                  5.0
                     Small fruit (excl.          14                 10.0
                       berry fruit)
                     Tomatoes                    3                   5.0
                     Vegetables (excl.           14                  5.0
                       tomatoes)

    Norway           Strawberries                7

    Poland           Cucumbers 2                 14
                     Hops                        14
                     Lettuce 2                   14
                     Pears                       14
                     Raspberries                 14
                     Spinach                     14
                     Tomatoes 2                  14

    Portugal         Apples                      84
                     Grapes                      21
                     Strawberries                7
                                                                          

    Table 2.  (con't)
                                                                          

                                                 Safety             MRL
    Country          Crop                        Interval (days)  (mg/kg)
                                                                          

    South Africa     Apricots                                        0.5
                     Peaches                                         0.5
                     Plums                                           0.5
                     Table Grapes                7/28/42 3           1.0
                     Wine grapes                 14/28/42 3          1.0

    Spain            Almonds                     20
                     Grapes                      20/21 3
                     Onions                      20
                     Other fruit                 20-21 3
                     Pulse crops                 20
                     Strawberries                20-21 3
                     Vegetables                  20-21 3

    Sweden           Fruit                       7                   5.0
                     Small fruit (incl.          7                   5.0
                       strawberries)
                     Vegetables (incl.           7                   5.0
                       root vegetables)

    Switzerland      Blackberries                10                  7.0
                     Grapes                                          1.0
                     Pome fruit                  21                  0.5
                     Raspberries                 14                  7.0
                     Stone fruit                 21
                     Strawberries                14                  7.0

    U.K.             Blackberries                21
                     Cauliflower (under          21
                       glass)
                     Currants                    21
                     Gooseberries                21
                     Loganberries                21
                     Raspberries                 14
                     Strawberries                14
                     Table grapes                21
                     Tomatoes (under glass)      3
                     Wine grapes                 35

    USSR             Apples                      20
                     Grapes                      30
                                                                          

    Table 2.  (con't)
                                                                          

                                                 Safety             MRL
    Country          Crop                        Interval (days)  (mg/kg)
                                                                          

    Venezuela        Grapes                      15                 10.0
                     Strawberries                15                 10.0
                     Vegetables                  15                 10.0

    Yugoslavia       Fruit (excl. grapes         14                  5.0
                       and strawberries)
                     Grapes                      28                 10.0
                     Strawberries                28                  5.0
                                                                          

    1  Suggested level;
    2  Field grown and under glass;
    3  Depending on formulation used.

         New information on national tolerances was received, which
    supplements previously published tables with more detail.

         The requirements of the 1979 JMPR now having been met for cereal
    grains, eggplant, peppers and wheat straw (and blackberries in 1981),
    the temporary maximum residue limits on those commodities and all
    others previously considered remain temporary pending the
    establishment of a full ADI.

    REFERENCES

    Bayer, A.G. Pflanzenschutzmittel - Ruckstande, Report numbers 8107/80,
    1981      8108/80. Leverkusen, Federal Republic of Germany.
              (Unpublished)

    Bayer, A.G. Compilation of national MRLs and safety intervals for
    1982      dichlofluanid. Leverkusen, Federal Republic of Germany.
              (Personal communication)


    See Also:
       Toxicological Abbreviations
       Dichlofluanid (FAO/PL:1969/M/17/1)
       Dichlofluanid (WHO Pesticide Residues Series 4)
       Dichlofluanid (Pesticide residues in food: 1977 evaluations)
       Dichlofluanid (Pesticide residues in food: 1979 evaluations)
       Dichlofluanid (Pesticide residues in food: 1981 evaluations)
       Dichlofluanid (Pesticide residues in food: 1983 evaluations)