PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD - 1989
Sponsored jointly by FAO and WHO
with the support of the International Programme
on Chemical Safety (IPCS)
EVALUATIONS 1994
PART II - TOXICOLOGY
Joint meeting of the
FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues
in Food and the Environment
and the
WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues
Geneva, 18-27 September 1989
The designations employed and the presentation of material in
this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion
whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization
of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country,
city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation
of its frontiers or boundaries.
This report contains the collective views of two international
groups of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions
or the stated policy of the Food and Agriculture Organization of
the United Nations or the World Health Organization.
INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY
The preparatory work for the toxicological evaluations of pesticide
residues carried out by the WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues
for consideration by the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on pesticide Residues
in Food and the Environment is actively supported by the International
Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS).
The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a joint
venture of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International
Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization. One of the
main objectives of the IPCS is to carry out and disseminate
evaluations of the effects of chemicals on human health and the
quality of the environment.
M-84
ISBN 92-5 102941-5
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
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reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications
Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations,
Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy.
(c) FAO 1990
TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of those attending the meeting
Abbreviations
Introduction
The Monographs
* Anilazine
Azocyclotin
Cyhexatin
Daminozide
Demeton-S-Methyl and Related Compounds
Dinocap
Endosulfan
* Flusilazole
Lindane
Methomyl
Procymidone
Propoxur
* Triadimenol
* Triazolyl alanine
Annex 1. Reports and other documents resulting from previous
Joint Meetings of the FAO Panel of Experts on
Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and
WHO Expert Groups on Pesticide Residues
Annex 2. Acceptable daily intakes, residue limits, and
guideline levels proposed at the 1989 Meeting
* First full evaluation
1989 JOINT MEETING OF THE FAO PANEL OF EXPERTS ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES
IN FOOD AND THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE WHO EXPERT GROUP ON
PESTICIDE RESIDUES
Geneva, 18 - 27 September 1989
FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment
Dr D.C. Abbott, formerly Deputy Director (Government Analyst),
Laboratory of the Government Chemist, London, UK
Prof. A.F.H. Besemer, formerly Chair of Phytopharmacy, Agricultural
University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Dr R. Greenhalgh, Plant Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa,
Canada (Rapporteur)
Dr D.J. Hamilton, Assistant Director, Agricultural Chemistry Branch,
Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Australia (Vice-
Chairman)
Mr N.F. Ives, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide
Programs, Washington, D.C., USA
Mr K. Voldum-Clausen, Division of Chemical Contaminants in Food,
National Food Agency, Soborg, Denmark
WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues
Dr A.L. Black, Medical Adviser in Toxicology, Department of Community
Services and Health, Woden, Australia
Dr J. Borzelleca, President, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia
Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA (Rapporteur)
Mr D.J. Clegg, Head, Agricultural Chemicals Section, Toxicological
Evaluation Division, Health Protection Branch, Health and Welfare
Canada, Ottawa, Canada (Chairman)
Prof. M. Lotti, Professor of Industrial Toxicology, Università di
Padova, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Padua, Italy
Dr F.R. Puga, Secao de Toxicologia e Higiene Comparada, Instituto
Biològico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Dr G. Ungvary, Head, Section of Toxicology, National Institute of
Occupational Health, Budapest, Hungary
Secretariat
Dr E. Arnold, Toxicological Evaluation Division, Health Protection
Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, Canada (WHO Temporary
Adviser)*
Prof. C.L. Berry, Department of Morbid Anatomy, The London Hospital
Medical College, The London Hospital, London, UK (WHO Temporary
Adviser)
Dr G. Burin, Consultant, Toxicologist, Health Effects Division, Office
of Pesticide Programs, US Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., USA (WHO Consultant)
Dr E. Casadei, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Food and
Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
Dr J.L. Herrman, International Programme on Chemical Safety, World
Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (WHO Joint Secretary)
Dr J. van der Kolk, Foodstuffs Division, Ministry of Welfare, Health
and Cultural Affairs, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (Chairman of Codex
Committee on Pesticide Residues)
Dr F.-W. Kopisch-Obuch, Pesticide Residue Specialist, Plant Protection
Service, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy (FAO Joint
Secretary)
Mr A.F. Machin, London, UK (FAO Consultant)
Dr A. Moretto, Università di Padova, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro,
Padua, Italy (WHO Temporary Adviser)
Prof. R. Nilsson, Chief of Section, The National Swedish Chemicals
Inspectorate, Department for Scientific Documentation and Research,
Solna, Sweden (WHO Temporary Adviser)
Dr O.E. Paynter, Chief Scientist, Health Effects Division, Office of
Pesticide Programs, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,
D.C., USA (WHO Temporary Adviser)
Dr J. Quest, Toxicologist, Toxicology Branch, Health Effects Division,
US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., (WHO Temporary
Adviser)
Dr A. Takanaka, Head, Division of Pharmacology, Biological Safety
Research Center, National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Tokyo,
Japan (WHO Temporary Adviser)
Dr E.M. den Tonkelaar, Toxicologist, Toxicology Advisory Centre,
National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection
Bilthoven, The Netherlands (WHO Temporary Adviser)
Dr G. Vettorazzi, International Toxicology Information Centre, San
Sebastian, Spain (WHO Temporary Adviser)
Mr M. Walsh, Administrator, EEC, Législation des produits végétaux et
de nutrition animale, Brussels, Belgium (WHO Temporary Adviser)
Mr J. Wilbourn, Unit of Carcinogen Identification and Evaluation,
International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (WHO
Temporary Adviser)*
* Invited but unable to attend.
ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THESE MONOGRAPHS
AChE acetylcholinesterase
ALAT alanine aminotransferase
BUN blood urea nitrogen
ChE cholinesterase
CMC carboxymethylcellulose
CNS central nervous system
DMSO dimethylsulfoxide
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
EC emulsifiable concentrate
F0 parental generation
F1 filial generation, first
F2 filial generation, second
GGT gamma-glutamyltransferase
G.I. gastrointestinal
GOT glutamate-oxoloacetate transaminase
GPT glutamate-pyruvate transaminase
Hb haemoglobin
HCG human chorionic gonadotropin
HGRPT hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase
I50 inhibitory dose, 50%
IBT Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc.
i.p. intraperitoneal
LC50 lethal concentration, median
LD50 lethal dose, median
LOAEL lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level
m metre
M molar
MCH mean corpuscular haemoglobin
MCV mean corpuscular volume
NOAEL no-observed-adverse-effect level
PCV hematocrit (packed corpuscular volume)
RBC red blood cell
SAP serum alkaline phosphatase
TLC thin layer chromatography
TOCP tri-o-cresyl phosphate
TWA time weighted average
UDMH unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine
WD wettable dust
INTRODUCTION
The toxicology monographs and monograph addenda contained in this
volume were prepared by a WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues that
met with the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and
the Environment in a Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) in
Geneva, Switzerland, 18 September to 27 September 1989. These
monographs summarize the safety data on those pesticide residues for
which sufficient information was provided to the WHO Expert Group for
it to make decisions regarding acceptable daily intakes.
Most of the compounds considered by the WHO Expert Group at this
Meeting had been evaluated at previous meetings. Thererfore,
monographs on them have been published previously and only new
information is summarized in the relevant "monograph addenda".
Reference is made to reports and other documents resulting from
previous Joint Meetings of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide
Residues in Food and the Environment and WHO Expert Groups on
Pesticide Residues which are listed in Annex 1. The appropriate
documents should be consulted to obtain a full toxicological profile
of the chemicals under consideration.
The report of the Joint Meeting has been published by the Food
and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations as FAO Plant
Production and Protection Paper No. 99. The report contains brief
comments on the compounds under consideration, acceptable daily
intakes established by the WHO Expert Group, and maximum residue
limits or guideline levels established by the FAO Panel of Experts.
Residues monographs prepared by the FAO Panel of Experts will be
published as a companion volume to this one: Evaluations 1989, Part
I-Residues, in the FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper series.
The toxicology monographs and monograph addenda contained in this
volume are based upon working papers that were prepared by temporary
advisers in advance of the 1989 Joint Meeting. A special
acknowledgement is given to those who prepared these working papers,
Drs G. Burin and J. Quest, US Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, D.C., USA; Professor R. Nilsson, National Swedish
Chemicals Inspectorate, Solna, Sweden; Dr A. Moretto, University of
Padua, Padua, Italy; Dr E. Arnold, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa,
Canada; and Dr E.M. den Tonkelaar, National Institute of Public Health
and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
The preparation and editing of the monographs included in this
volume have been made possible through the technical and financial
contributions of the lead institutions of the International Programme
on Chemical Safety (IPCS), which support the activities of JMPR. The
designations employed and the presentation of the material in this
publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on
the part of the Central Unit of the IPCS concerning the legal status
of any country, territory, city, or area or its authorities, or
concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The
mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products
does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the IPCS in
preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.
Any comments or new information on the biological or
toxicological data on the compounds reported in this document should
be addressed to: Joint WHO Secretary of the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on
Pesticide Residues, International Programme on Chemical Safety, World
Health Organization, Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.