PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD - 1989 Sponsored jointly by FAO and WHO with the support of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) EVALUATIONS 1994 PART II - TOXICOLOGY Joint meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and the WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues Geneva, 18-27 September 1989 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This report contains the collective views of two international groups of experts and does not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations or the World Health Organization. INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY The preparatory work for the toxicological evaluations of pesticide residues carried out by the WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues for consideration by the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment is actively supported by the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a joint venture of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization. One of the main objectives of the IPCS is to carry out and disseminate evaluations of the effects of chemicals on human health and the quality of the environment. M-84 ISBN 92-5 102941-5 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. Applications for such permission, with a statement of the purpose and extent of the reproduction, should be addressed to the Director, Publications Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy. (c) FAO 1990 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of those attending the meeting Abbreviations Introduction The Monographs * Anilazine Azocyclotin Cyhexatin Daminozide Demeton-S-Methyl and Related Compounds Dinocap Endosulfan * Flusilazole Lindane Methomyl Procymidone Propoxur * Triadimenol * Triazolyl alanine Annex 1. Reports and other documents resulting from previous Joint Meetings of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and WHO Expert Groups on Pesticide Residues Annex 2. Acceptable daily intakes, residue limits, and guideline levels proposed at the 1989 Meeting * First full evaluation 1989 JOINT MEETING OF THE FAO PANEL OF EXPERTS ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD AND THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE WHO EXPERT GROUP ON PESTICIDE RESIDUES Geneva, 18 - 27 September 1989 FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment Dr D.C. Abbott, formerly Deputy Director (Government Analyst), Laboratory of the Government Chemist, London, UK Prof. A.F.H. Besemer, formerly Chair of Phytopharmacy, Agricultural University, Wageningen, The Netherlands Dr R. Greenhalgh, Plant Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Canada (Rapporteur) Dr D.J. Hamilton, Assistant Director, Agricultural Chemistry Branch, Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Australia (Vice- Chairman) Mr N.F. Ives, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pesticide Programs, Washington, D.C., USA Mr K. Voldum-Clausen, Division of Chemical Contaminants in Food, National Food Agency, Soborg, Denmark WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues Dr A.L. Black, Medical Adviser in Toxicology, Department of Community Services and Health, Woden, Australia Dr J. Borzelleca, President, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA (Rapporteur) Mr D.J. Clegg, Head, Agricultural Chemicals Section, Toxicological Evaluation Division, Health Protection Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, Canada (Chairman) Prof. M. Lotti, Professor of Industrial Toxicology, Università di Padova, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Padua, Italy Dr F.R. Puga, Secao de Toxicologia e Higiene Comparada, Instituto Biològico, Sao Paulo, Brazil Dr G. Ungvary, Head, Section of Toxicology, National Institute of Occupational Health, Budapest, Hungary Secretariat Dr E. Arnold, Toxicological Evaluation Division, Health Protection Branch, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, Canada (WHO Temporary Adviser)* Prof. C.L. Berry, Department of Morbid Anatomy, The London Hospital Medical College, The London Hospital, London, UK (WHO Temporary Adviser) Dr G. Burin, Consultant, Toxicologist, Health Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA (WHO Consultant) Dr E. Casadei, Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy Dr J.L. Herrman, International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (WHO Joint Secretary) Dr J. van der Kolk, Foodstuffs Division, Ministry of Welfare, Health and Cultural Affairs, Rijswijk, The Netherlands (Chairman of Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues) Dr F.-W. Kopisch-Obuch, Pesticide Residue Specialist, Plant Protection Service, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy (FAO Joint Secretary) Mr A.F. Machin, London, UK (FAO Consultant) Dr A. Moretto, Università di Padova, Istituto di Medicina del Lavoro, Padua, Italy (WHO Temporary Adviser) Prof. R. Nilsson, Chief of Section, The National Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate, Department for Scientific Documentation and Research, Solna, Sweden (WHO Temporary Adviser) Dr O.E. Paynter, Chief Scientist, Health Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA (WHO Temporary Adviser) Dr J. Quest, Toxicologist, Toxicology Branch, Health Effects Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., (WHO Temporary Adviser) Dr A. Takanaka, Head, Division of Pharmacology, Biological Safety Research Center, National Institute of Hygienic Sciences, Tokyo, Japan (WHO Temporary Adviser) Dr E.M. den Tonkelaar, Toxicologist, Toxicology Advisory Centre, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection Bilthoven, The Netherlands (WHO Temporary Adviser) Dr G. Vettorazzi, International Toxicology Information Centre, San Sebastian, Spain (WHO Temporary Adviser) Mr M. Walsh, Administrator, EEC, Législation des produits végétaux et de nutrition animale, Brussels, Belgium (WHO Temporary Adviser) Mr J. Wilbourn, Unit of Carcinogen Identification and Evaluation, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France (WHO Temporary Adviser)* * Invited but unable to attend. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THESE MONOGRAPHS AChE acetylcholinesterase ALAT alanine aminotransferase BUN blood urea nitrogen ChE cholinesterase CMC carboxymethylcellulose CNS central nervous system DMSO dimethylsulfoxide DNA deoxyribonucleic acid EC emulsifiable concentrate F0 parental generation F1 filial generation, first F2 filial generation, second GGT gamma-glutamyltransferase G.I. gastrointestinal GOT glutamate-oxoloacetate transaminase GPT glutamate-pyruvate transaminase Hb haemoglobin HCG human chorionic gonadotropin HGRPT hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase I50 inhibitory dose, 50% IBT Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories, Inc. i.p. intraperitoneal LC50 lethal concentration, median LD50 lethal dose, median LOAEL lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level m metre M molar MCH mean corpuscular haemoglobin MCV mean corpuscular volume NOAEL no-observed-adverse-effect level PCV hematocrit (packed corpuscular volume) RBC red blood cell SAP serum alkaline phosphatase TLC thin layer chromatography TOCP tri-o-cresyl phosphate TWA time weighted average UDMH unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine WD wettable dust INTRODUCTION The toxicology monographs and monograph addenda contained in this volume were prepared by a WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues that met with the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment in a Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) in Geneva, Switzerland, 18 September to 27 September 1989. These monographs summarize the safety data on those pesticide residues for which sufficient information was provided to the WHO Expert Group for it to make decisions regarding acceptable daily intakes. Most of the compounds considered by the WHO Expert Group at this Meeting had been evaluated at previous meetings. Thererfore, monographs on them have been published previously and only new information is summarized in the relevant "monograph addenda". Reference is made to reports and other documents resulting from previous Joint Meetings of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and WHO Expert Groups on Pesticide Residues which are listed in Annex 1. The appropriate documents should be consulted to obtain a full toxicological profile of the chemicals under consideration. The report of the Joint Meeting has been published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations as FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper No. 99. The report contains brief comments on the compounds under consideration, acceptable daily intakes established by the WHO Expert Group, and maximum residue limits or guideline levels established by the FAO Panel of Experts. Residues monographs prepared by the FAO Panel of Experts will be published as a companion volume to this one: Evaluations 1989, Part I-Residues, in the FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper series. The toxicology monographs and monograph addenda contained in this volume are based upon working papers that were prepared by temporary advisers in advance of the 1989 Joint Meeting. A special acknowledgement is given to those who prepared these working papers, Drs G. Burin and J. Quest, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA; Professor R. Nilsson, National Swedish Chemicals Inspectorate, Solna, Sweden; Dr A. Moretto, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Dr E. Arnold, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa, Canada; and Dr E.M. den Tonkelaar, National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. The preparation and editing of the monographs included in this volume have been made possible through the technical and financial contributions of the lead institutions of the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), which support the activities of JMPR. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Central Unit of the IPCS concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city, or area or its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the IPCS in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Any comments or new information on the biological or toxicological data on the compounds reported in this document should be addressed to: Joint WHO Secretary of the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues, International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland.
See Also: Toxicological Abbreviations