PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN FOOD - 1984
Sponsored jointly by FAO and WHO
EVALUATIONS 1984
The monographs
Data and recommendations of the joint meeting
of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues
in Food and the Environment and the
WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues
Rome, 24 September - 3 October 1984
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Rome 1985
DELTAMETHRIN
Explanation
Deltamethrin was last reviewed in 1982, when a temporary ADI of
0-0.01 mg/kg/bw was estimated. 1/ The previously estimated guidelines
on pesticide residues on a wide variety of agricultural commodities
were converted to temporary maximum residue levels.
Residues found in further trials and in good agricultural
practice have shown that some of the temporary MRLs are too low. This
monograph addendum summarizes new residues data on leafy vegetables,
brassica leafy vegetables and fruiting vegetables with edible peel
(cucumbers, peppers and tomatoes).
RESIDUES IN FOOD AND THEIR EVALUATION
USE PATTERN
New information was received from The Netherlands on the use
pattern of deltamethrin on grass grown for seed and on pasture and is
summarized in Table 1.
RESIDUES RESULTING FROM SUPERVISED TRIALS
Leafy Vegetables
The use pattern information includes rates of application up to
25 g/ha (normal rate 12.5 g/ha) and short intervals (2 to 3 days)
between last application and harvest are considered desirable. Data on
lettuce and spinach in Table 1 show that residues in excess of the
current temporary MRL of 0.2 mg/kg can be expected in good
agricultural practice (Roussel Uclaf, 1979a, 1980a, 1981a, 1981-82,
1982).
Brassica Leafy Vegetables
The normal recommended rate of deltamethrin is 12.5 g a.i./ha in
brassica leafy vegetables, although use patterns up to a maximum of
25 g/ha are registered. Data in Table 3 from trials in a number of
countries show that the temporary MRL of 0.05 mg/kg can be exceeded,
especially at the higher doses and shorter intervals (Roussel Uclaf,
1977, 1979b, 1980b,c, 1983a,b,c). The particular problem of green
cabbage (GRUNKOHL) in the Federal Republic of Germany suggests that
levels up to 0.2 mg/kg can often be expected.
1/ See Annex 2 for FAO and WHO documentation.
TABLE 1. Use of Deltamethrin on Grasses and Pastures, The Netherlands
Crop Kind of Extent of Application Preharvest
or pest use/economic rate Formulation Treatment interval In use
Situation controlled importance (g a.i./ha) (days) since
Seed- Larvae of Very 12.5 E.C. Spraying 28 (if used 1983
growing Bibionids; limited 25 g/l in autumn as forage)
of
grasses Gall midge Spraying
(Mayetiola) one week
after egg
deposition
Pasture Larvae of Very 12.5 E.C. Spraying 28 (if used 1983
Bibionids limited 25 g/l in autumn as forage)
2. Deltamethrin Residues in Lettuce and Spinach from Supervised Trials
Crop/ Year Rate No. of Residues (mg/kg)
Country (g/ha) applications 0 3 5 7
Lettuce 1979 12.5 2 0.3 0.1 0.08 0.03
Fed. Rep. 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1
Germany 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.06
1980 12.5 3 0.3 0.1 0.09 n.d
0.1 0.05 0.06 n.d
n.d n.d n.d n.d
n.d n.d n.d n.d
0.2 0.05 n.d n.d
0.1 n.d n.d n.d
0.05 n.d n.d n.d
1981 14.0 3 0.1 0.03 0.01 0.01
0.04 0.03 n.d n.d
0.04 0.04 n.d n.d
0.04 0.02 n.d n.d
1981/82 12.5 3 0.08 0.03 0.02 n.d
0.07 0.03 0.02 0.02
0.3 0.04 0.01 0.01
0.1 0.02 0.01 n.d
0.5 0.2 0.04 n.d
0.2 n.d n.d n.d
0.1 0.03 n.d n.d
0.09 0.2 0.04 n.d
(days)
0 2 4 8
Spinach 1978 17.5 1 0.5 0.3 0.2
(leaf) 0.5 0.3 0.2
France
1979 12.5 1 0.4 0.2 0.1(7)
0.4 0.2 0.1(7)
1980 17.5 1 0.35 0.2 0.2
Spinach 1980 12.5 3 0.3 0.7(3) 0.2(5) 0.1(7)
(leaf) 0.7 0.3(3) 0.3(5) 0.1(7)
Fed. Rep.
Germany 1982 12.5 3 0.4 0.2 n.d 0.03
0.6 0.2 0.1 0.1
0.5 0.1 0.06 0.04
0.5 0.2 0.2 0.03
TABLE 3. Deltamethrin Residues in Brassica Leafy Vegetables from Supervised
Trials
Crop/Country Rate No. of Residues (mg/kg) after
(g a.i./ha) applications last application (days)
Cabbage 7.5 1 n.d(2) n.d(8)
Australia, 1979 10 1 n.d(2) n.d(8)
Brussels sprouts 7.5 6 n.d(1) n.d(7)
Australia, 1980 10 6 n.d(1) n.d(7)
Cabbage 10 5 0.02(0) 0.02(1)
New Zealand, 1980 0.02(3) 0.015(7)
Broccoli 10 3 0.07(0) 0.09 (1)
(mature heads) 0.04(3) 0.02(7)
New Zealand, 1980
Broccoli 10 3 0.11(1) 0.08(3) 0.02(7)
(immature heads) 20 3 0.66(1) 0.66(3) 0.2(7)
Canada, 1983
Brussels sprouts 10 3 0.07(1)
Canada, 1983 20 3 0.08(1)
Cauliflower 10 3 n.d(1)
Canada, 1983 20 3 n.d(1)
Cabbage 13 2 0.07(0) 0.1(3)
(GRUNKOHL) 0.3(5) 0.1(7)
Germany, 1977
13 2 0.3 0.4
0.2 0.2
13 2 0.1 0.2
0.1 0.2
13 2 0.04 0.04
0.02 0.03
TABLE 4 Deltamethrin Residues in Fruiting Vegetables from Supervised Trials
Crop/Country Rate No of Residues (mg/kg) after last application
Year (g a.i./ha treatments (days)
or /hl) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TOMATO
Fed.Rep.of 12.5 ha 2 0.1 0.07 0.06 n.d
Germany 0.7 0.04 0.04 n.d
1979 0.05 0.2 n.d n.d
New Zealand 10 ha 3 0.18 0.04 0.07
1980 15 3 0.013 0.013 0.01
United 18.9 ha 1 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01
Kingdom
1980
Fed.Rep.of 12.5 ha 3 n.d 0.02 n.d 0.03
Germany n.d n.d 0.02 0.01
1980 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.01
0.01 0.02 0.01 n.d
0.06 0.08 0.2 0.05
0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03
S.Africa 1.25 hl 7 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
1981 12.5 HA 7 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
Australia 12.5 HA 5 n.d 0.02 n.d
1981 25.0 0.09 n.d n.d
Fed.Rep.of 18.75 ha 4 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2
Germany 0.08 0.2 0.1 0.08
1981 0.06 0.1 0.1 0.2
22.5 4 0.06 0.02 0.07 0.1
TABLE 4 (continued)
Crop/Country Rate No of Residues (mg/kg) after last application
Year (g a.i./ha treatments (days)
or /hl) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Denmark 1 hl 1 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02
1980 1 hl 2 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03
CUCUMBERS
United 17.5 ha 5 0.02
Kingdom 0.02
1979 0.09
Fed.Rep.of 18.75 ha 4 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.03
Germany 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02
1981 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.02
25.0 4 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.02
Denmark 37.5 ha 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01
1980
GREEN PEPPERS
France 12.5 ha 1 0.10 0.03 0.03 0.04
1979 12.5 ha 1 0.01 0.01 n.d n.d
United 17.5 ha 5 0.07
Kingdom 0.01
1979 0.09
TABLE 4 (continued)
Crop/Country Rate No of Residues (mg/kg) after last application
Year (g a.i./ha treatments (days)
or /hl) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Canada 17.5 ha 3 0.015
1983 35 ha 3 0.020
17.5 ha 3 0.006
0.023
0.022
12.5 ha 1 0.032 0.022 0.011
0.027 0.015 0.005
Fruiting Vegetables with Edible Peel
The temporary MRL for deltamethrin in fruiting vegetables with
edible peel is 0.05 mg/kg, based on a three-day interval between last
application and harvest. Additional data on tomatoes, cucumbers and
peppers indicate that this level can be exceeded in good agricultural
practice if the higher rates and shorter intervals are accepted
(Roussel Uclaf, 1979c,d,e, 1980 d,e,f,g,h, 1981b,c,d,e, 1983).
Grass
In a trial on grass grown for seed in The Netherlands in 1982,
deltamethrin applied once at 18.75 g a.i./ha, as the 25 percent E.C.,
left residues of 0.08 to 0.16 mg/kg at 28 days and 0.03 to 0.08 mg/kg
at 42 days (Hoechst, 1982).
APPRAISAL
New information on use patterns and residues enabled the meeting
to review the proposed MRLs for deltamethrin on a number of
commodities. The increasing use of deltamethrin close to harvest also
contributes to a need for increasing the estimates of maximum residue
levels that can occur in good agricultural practice.
A review of the residues following the use of deltamethrin as a
grain protectant and data on the fate of residues during processing
resulted in the meeting revising the estimate for deltamethrin in
wheat wholemeal flour.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The meeting revised estimates for the following commodities and
recommended them as suitable for use as MRLs.
Commodity MRL Previous
(mg/kg) estimate
(mg/kg)
Leafy vegetables 0.5 (0.2)
Brassica leafy vegetables 0.2 (0.05)
Fruiting vegetables with
edible peel 0.2 (0.05)
Wheat flour (wholemeal) 1 (2)
REFERENCES
Hoechst. Report B82-0800 submitted by Hoechst AG to FAO. (Unpublished)
1982
Netherlands. Information on the use pattern of deltamethrin on grass
1984 for seed and on pastures.
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in green cabbage (GRUNKOHL), Federal Republic
1977 of Germany. Report RR-81.24.05/AF submitted by Roussel Uclaf
to FAO. (Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in lettuce, Federal Republic of Germany.
1979a Report RR-80.15.01/AF submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO.
(Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in cabbage, Australia. Report ANA-80.10.10/AF
1979b submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO. (Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in tomatoes, Federal Republic of Germany.
1979c Report RR-80.21.01/AF submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO.
(Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in cucumbers, England. Report RR-83.07.01/AF
1979d submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO. (Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in (Jamaica) peppers (Capsicum annuum),
1979e England. Report RR-83.11.01/AF submitted by Roussel Uclaf to
FAO. (Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in lettuce, Federal Republic of Germany.
1980a Report RR-83.15.01/AF submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO.
(Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in Brussels sprouts, Australia. Report
1980b ANA-80.11.10/A submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO.
(Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in cabbage, New Zealand. Report RR-81.24.05/AF
1980c submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO. (Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in tomatoes, New Zealand. Report
1980d RR-81.22.05/AF submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO.
(Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in tomatoes, England. Report RR-81.10.08/AF
1980e submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO. (Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in tomatoes, Federal Republic of Germany.
1980f Report RR-83.16.01/AF submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO.
(Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in tomatoes, Denmark. Report RR-81.02.07/AF
1980g submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO. (Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in cucumbers, Denmark. Report RR-81.01.07/AF
1980h submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO. (Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in lettuce, Federal Republic of Germany.
1981a Report RR-83.10.02/AF submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO.
(Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in tomatoes, South Africa. Reports
1981b RR-81.09.04/AF and RR-81.22.08/A submitted by Roussel Uclaf
to FAO. (Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in tomatoes, Australia. Report RR-81.01.12/AF
1981c submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO. (Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in tomatoes, Federal Republic of Germany.
1981d Report RR-83.16.02/AF submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO.
(Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in cucumbers, Federal Republic of Germany.
1981e Report RR-83.08.02/AF submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO.
(Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in lettuce, Federal Republic of Germany.
1981-82 Report RR-83.09.02/AF submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO.
(Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in spinach, Federal Republic of Germany.
1982 Report RR-83.13.02/AF submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO.
(Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in broccoli, Canada. Report RR-84.06.11/A
1983a submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO. (Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in Brussels sprouts, Canada. Report
1983b RR-84.06.13/A submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO.
(Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in cauliflower, Canada. Report RR-84.06.14/A
1983c submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO. (Unpublished)
Roussel Uclaf. Residues in green peppers, Canada. Report RR-84.05.22/A
1983 submitted by Roussel Uclaf to FAO. (Unpublished)
See Also:
Toxicological Abbreviations
Deltamethrin (EHC 97, 1990)
Deltamethrin (HSG 30, 1989)
Deltamethrin (ICSC)
DELTAMETHRIN (JECFA Evaluation)
Deltamethrin (Pesticide residues in food: 1980 evaluations)
Deltamethrin (Pesticide residues in food: 1981 evaluations)
Deltamethrin (Pesticide residues in food: 1982 evaluations)
Deltamethrin (JMPR Evaluations 2000 Part II Toxicological)
Deltamethrin (UKPID)
Deltamethrin (IARC Summary & Evaluation, Volume 53, 1991)